Section 123 Agreement
Agreement in the US Atomic Energy Act of 1954
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Section 123 of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, titled "Cooperation With Other Nations", establishes an agreement for cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the US and any other nation.[1][2] Such an agreement is called a 123 Agreement.[3] To date, the U.S. has entered into roughly twenty-six 123 Agreements with 52 countries.[4]
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Current Euratom members |
Former United States |
Agreement Countries
Countries with which the U.S. has a Section 123 Agreement as of 2025 include:
Current
Argentina[5]
Australia[5]
Brazil[5]
Canada[5]
China (with re-processing rights, requiring approval per each request)[6]
Euratom (with automatic re-processing rights)[6]
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)[5]
India (With advance consent to reprocessing),[7] exempt from certain safeguards by Indo-U.S. civilian nuclear agreement.
Indonesia[5]
Japan (with automatic re-processing rights)[6]
Kazakhstan[5]
Republic of Korea[5]
Mexico[8]
Morocco[9]
Norway[8]
Philippines[8][10]
Russia[8][11]
Singapore[8][12]
Switzerland[8]
Taiwan[5] via the American Institute in Taiwan[8]
Thailand (1974–2014, 2025–2065)[5][13]
Turkey[5]
Ukraine[14][5]
UAE[15]
UK[8]
Vietnam[8]
Former
Bangladesh:[5] September 17, 1981 - June 24, 2012
Colombia[5][16]
Egypt[17][16]
South Africa:[5] December 4, 1997 - December 4, 2022
