130s

The 130s was a decade that ran from January 1, 130, to December 31, 139.

The Roman Empire was under the rule of Emperor Hadrian, and after 138, Antoninus Pius. During the middle of the decade, Jewish leader Simon bar Kokhba led a large-scale armed rebellion against the Romans in Judea, known as the Bar Kokhba revolt. This was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. However, the revolt was quelled in 135 by the Romans and the rebels' Jewish state was destroyed. The Romans retook Jerusalem and named it Aelia Capitolina. The Romans also fought wars with the Alani and the Suebi tribes.

In 135, two major political changes occurred in Han China. Eunuch-marquesses began to be allowed to pass their marches to their adopted sons, and Liang Shang became the commander of the armed forces and effectively the most powerful individual in the imperial government. Neither of these developments appeared at the time to be major, but had great implications. The former demonstrated that the power of the eunuchs was becoming systemic, and the latter led to the start of the Liangs controlling the imperial government for several administrations. From 136 to 138, there were a number of native rebellions in various parts of southern China Jiaozhi. While these were generally put down with relative ease (in particular, the rebels generally surrendered willingly if the corrupt officials they were protesting against were replaced by Emperor Shun), these would foreshadow the much more serious rebellions that would come in the next few decades.

In Syria, the Temple of Baalshamin was built in Palmyra, which became rich after the city introduced tax laws for trade.

For science, Chinese astronomer and inventor Zhang Heng was also active during this period, inventing and presenting the first seismoscope in 132.