1391
Calendar year
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Year 1391 (MCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
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Events
JanuaryâMarch
- January 16 â Yusuf II succeeds Muhammed V, as Nasrid Sultan of Granada (now southern Spain).[1]
- January 21 â Vytautas the Great, claimant to the throne of Lithuania, forges an alliance with the Grand Duchy of Moscow as his daughter, Sophia marries Vasily, Grand Prince of Muscovy.[2]
- February 16 âManuel II Palaiologos becomes Byzantine emperor after his father, John V Palaiologos, dies from a nervous breakdown, due to his continued humiliation by the Ottoman Empire.[3]
- March 4â The University of Ferrara is founded on the Italian Peninsula.[4]
- March 10 â Stephen DabiÅ¡a succeeds Stephen Tvrtko I, as King of Bosnia.[5]
- March 12 â Konrad von Wallenrode succeeds Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein, as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.[6]
AprilâJune
- April 1 â Rebelling against the rule of King Martin of Sicily, the rebel Brancaleone Doria begins the takeover of the island of Sardinia by laying siege to the Castel di Cagliari.[7]
- April 6 â Antoniotto Adorno returns to office as Doge of the Republic of Genoa after persuading Doge Giacomo Fregoso (who had replaced him eight months earlier) to resign.[8]
- May 27 â Dominique de Flourence, Bishop of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières, helps conclude a peace agreement between the Kingdom of France and the Crown of Castile, based on his influence as France's legate to King Juan I of Castile.[9]
- June 6 â Massacre of 1391: Anti-Jewish pogroms erupt in Seville, Spain.[10] Many thousands of Jews are massacred, and the violence spreads throughout Spain and Portugal, especially to Toledo, Barcelona and Mallorca. This event marks a turning-point in the history of the Spanish Jews, with most of the survivors leaving the Iberian Peninsula or being forced to convert.
JulyâSeptember
- July 18 â TokhtamyshâTimur war â Battle of the Kondurcha River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde, in present day southeast Russia.[11]
- August 16 â Brancaleone Doria takes control of Sassari and Osilo as he gains further power in Sardinia.[7]
- September 7 â King Richard II summons the English Parliament and directs the members to assemble at Winchester on November 3.
OctoberâDecember
- October 3 â Brancaleone Doria captures Villa di Chiesa in Sardinia.[7]
- October 7 â Bridget of Sweden is canonized by Pope Boniface IX.
- November 2 â At Chambéry (now in France), Amadeus the Peaceful becomes the new Count of Savoy at the age of 8[12] upon the death from tetanus of his 31-year-old father, Amadeus VII, the Red Count, who was injured in a hunting accident.[13] Bonne of Bourbon, the mother of the older Amadeus, serves as regent for her grandson until 1397.
- November 2 â Al-Nasir Muhammad Salah al-Din, Imam of the Zaydi sect of Shia Islam in Yemen, dies at San'a from injuries sustained from being thrown off of his mule.[14] Nasir's death is not announced for two months while his son Al-Mansur Ali bin Salah ad-Din becomes the new Imam but three other claimants attempt to claim the office as well.[15]
- November 3 â King Richard II opens the new session of Parliament at Westminster.
- December 3 â The Parliament ends its session after passing numerous acts, and King Richard gives royal assent to multiple acts, including the Forcible Entry Act 1391 and the Admiralty Jurisdiction Act 1391.[16]
- December 29 â Representatives of Prince Amadeo of Savoy meet with Nerio I Acciaioli, Duke of Athens at the Acropolis in a pact against the Navarrese Company. The parties agree to oppose the Navarrese control of Morea and Nerio agrees to recognize Amadeo as Prince of Achaea.[17]
- December 25 â Jean II Le Maingre is named as the Marshal of France by King Charles V in a ceremony at the cathedral of St. Martin at Tours. [18]
- December â At Suceava, Roman I succeeds Petru MuÈat, as Prince of Moldavia (now Moldova and northeastern Romania).[19]
Date unknown
- Shah Mansur becomes leader of the Timurid-occupied Muzaffarid Empire, in central Persia.
- A group of Muzaffarids under Zafar Khan Muzaffar establish a new Sultanate at Gujarat, in western India.
- Ushkuinik pirates from Novgorod sack the Muscovy towns of Zhukotin and Kazan.
- Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, takes control of the Shetland Islands and the Faroe Islands.
Births
- June 24 â Joan of France, Duchess of Brittany (d. 1433)
- July 31 â Cyriacus of Ancona, Italian merchant, "father of archaeology" (d. 1453/5)
- October 31 â Edward, King of Portugal (d. 1438)
- November 6 â Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (d. 1425)
- Gedun Drub, 1st Dalai Lama (d. 1474)
- Thomas West, 2nd Baron West, English soldier (d. 1415)
Deaths
- January 16 â Emir Muhammed V of Granada (b. 1338)
- February 16 â John V Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1332)
- March 10 â King Tvrtko I of Bosnia (b. 1338)
- November 1 â Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy (b. 1360)
- Gaston III, Count of Foix, co-prince of Andorra
- date unknown
- Petru, Prince of Moldavia
- Margaret, Countess of Mar (approximate date)