2-Nitropropane
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2-Nitropropane (2-NP) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CH(NO2). It is used as a solvent.[4] It is a colorless liquid and is classified as a nitro compound.
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
2-Nitropropane | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| Abbreviations | 2-NP |
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.100 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C3H7NO2 | |
| Molar mass | 89.094 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid[1] |
| Odor | Pleasant, fruity[2] |
| Density | 0.9821 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | −91.3 °C (−132.3 °F; 181.8 K) |
| Boiling point | 120.2 °C (248.4 °F; 393.3 K) |
| 17 g/L[1] | |
| Solubility | soluble in chloroform |
| log P | 0.93 |
| Vapor pressure | 13 mmHg (20°C)[2] |
| Acidity (pKa) | 16.9 (in DMSO) |
| −45.73·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) |
1.3944 (20 °C) |
| Viscosity | 0.721 cP |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Health hazard |
| GHS labelling: | |
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| H350 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 24 °C (75 °F; 297 K) (open cup) 39 °C (closed cup) |
| 428 °C (802 °F; 701 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 2.6–11.0%[2] |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) |
720 mg/kg |
LC50 (median concentration) |
2703 ppm (mouse, 2 hr) 400 ppm (rat, 6 hr)[3] |
LCLo (lowest published) |
714 ppm (cat, 5 hr) 2381 ppm (rabbit, 5 hr) 4622 ppm (guinea pig, 5 hr) 2353 ppm (cat, 1 hr)[3] |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3)[2] |
REL (Recommended) |
Ca[2] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
Ca [100 ppm][2] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Preparation
2-Nitropropane is produced by the high-temperature vapor-phase nitration of propane, usually with impurities of 1-nitropropane. 2-Nitropropane is also produced as a volatile by-product that can be captured during Leonard's ring-closure hydantoin preparation.[5]
Uses
2-Nitropropane is used as a solvent or additive in inks, paints, adhesives, varnishes, polymers, resins, fuel, and coatings.[6] It is also used as a feedstock for other industrial chemicals,[6] and also in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals such as phentermine, chlorphentermine, and teclozan. It serves as an oxidant in the Hass–Bender oxidation process.
Safety
2-Nitropropane is a constituent of tobacco smoke.[7] Based on studies in animals, it is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen[6] and it is listed as an IARC Group 2B carcinogen.[8]