Arisaema
Genus of plants
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Arisaema is a large and diverse genus of the flowering plant family Araceae. The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America.[1] Asiatic species are often called cobra lilies, while western species are often called jack-in-the-pulpit; both names refer to the distinctive appearance of the flower, which consists of an erect central spadix rising from a spathe.[2][3][4]
| Arisaema | |
|---|---|
| |
| Arisaema triphyllum | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Subfamily: | Aroideae |
| Tribe: | Arisaemateae |
| Genus: | Arisaema Mart. |
| Diversity | |
| About 212 species | |
 | |
| Range of the genus Arisaema. | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Classification and relationships
The closest relatives of Arisaema appear to be Pinellia and Typhonium (although the latter as defined in 2004 seems to be paraphyletic, having given rise to Arisaema and other genera).[5] One unusual trait shared by all Arisaema species, and not those of other genera, is sequential hermaphroditism. Arisaema plants are typically male when small, and female or hermaphroditic when large, with a single plant capable of changing sex based on nutrition[5] and genetics,[6] and perhaps changing sex several times during its long life (20 years or more).[5]
Sections
A phylogenetic study in 2016 by Ohi-toma et. al recognized 15 sections in the genus.[7]
| Image | Section | Type species |
|---|---|---|
 | A. sect. Anomala Gusman & L. Gusman 2003 | Arisaema anomalum |
 | A. sect. Arisaema Li et al. 2010 | Arisaema speciosum |
.jpg) | A. sect. Attenuata (Engler) H. Li 2017 | Arisaema laminatum |
 | A. sect. Clavata (Engler) H. Hara 1971 | Arisaema clavatum |
| A. sect. Decipienta (Engler) H. Li in C. Y. Wu & H. Li 1979 | Arisaema decipiens | |
_Schott,_Prodr._Syst._Aroid._40_(1860)_(50064945376).jpg) | A. sect. Dochafa (Schott) H. Hara 1971 | Arisaema flavum |
 | A. sect. Fimbriata (Engl.) H.Li 1979 | Arisaema fimbriatum |
 | A. sect. Flagellarisaema (Nakai) H.Hara 1971 | Arisaema thunbergii |
_1-_371_(1911)._20210701_151512.jpg) | A. sect. Franchetiana (Engl.) H. Hara 1971 | Arisaema franchetianum |
.jpg) | A. sect. Nepenthoidea (Engl.) H. Hara 1971 | Arisaema nepenthoides |
_2-_124_(1911)._20210627_222557.jpg) | A. sect. Odorata Murata et al. 2013 | Arisaema odoratum |
.jpg) | A. sect. Pistillata (Engler) Nakai 1929 | Arisaema serratum |
.jpg) | A. sect. Sinarisaema Nakai 1950 | Arisaema formosanum |
.jpg) | A. sect. Tenuipistillata Engl. 1920 | Arisaema jacquemontii |
 | A. sect. Tortuosa (Engler) H. Hara 1971 | Arisaema tortuosum |
Species
Plants of the World Online accepts around 212 accepted species As of February 2025[update].[8]
