Asháninka language
Arawakan language of Peru and Acre, Brazil
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Asháninka (also known as Campa, although this name is derogatory[2][3][4]) is an Arawakan language spoken by the Asháninka people of Peru and Brazil. It is largely spoken in the Satipo Province located in the Amazon forest.[5] While there are low literacy rates in Asháninka, language use is vibrant among the community.
| Asháninka | |
|---|---|
| "Campa" | |
 Table with abc in a small school of the people of Asháninca in Peru (Prov. Puerto Inca, Huanuco Region) | |
| Native to | Peru and Brazil |
| Ethnicity | Asháninka people |
Native speakers | 35,000 (2007)[1] 63,000 all varieties Ashaninka & Asheninka (2007 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cni |
| Glottolog | asha1243 |
| ELP | Asháninka |
Classification
The Campa (or Pre-Andean) group of the Maipurean language family includes Asháninka, Gran Pajonal Campa, Ashéninka, Axaninca, Machiguenga, and Nomatsiguenga. As these are all very closely related linguistic systems, the decision to call them dialects of a single language or different languages rests on social and political considerations rather than linguistic similarity or difference, as in so many other places in the world. Attempts to unify the varieties with one written standard have not been successful.
History
The language has also been called both Asháninka and Campa; the latter of which is considered by the Asháninka to be offensive, as it derives from the Quechua word thampa, meaning ragged and dirty. Like all languages that have a predominance in any particular region of Perú, Asháninka is an official language in the area in which it is spoken, as provided by the Constitution. Literacy rates range from 10% to 30%, compared to 15% to 25% literacy for the second language, Spanish.
Threats
This language can be categorized as vulnerable for a multitude of reasons. South America has been a target for logging and other deforestation efforts, that are oftentimes illegal. Those that speak Asháninka call the historically dense rainforests of Peru and Brazil their home, and live off this land. This habitat, specially in the Peruvian side, faces a moderate threat from logging and other destructive practices by outside forces.
