August 1903

The following events occurred in August 1903:

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August 1, 1903 (Saturday)

• Polish Cardinal Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko issued a veto (jus exclusivae) against the nomination of the front runner, Cardinal Mariano Rampolla, in the name of Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria. The veto was refused, but Rampolla lost some of his support.
• Died: Calamity Jane (Martha Jane Canary), frontierswoman and professional scout, 51 (alcohol-related inflammation of the bowel and/or pneumonia)^[1]
• Portuguese football Club Boavista F.C. was formed on this day.^[2]

August 2, 1903 (Sunday)

• The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising, organized by the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization, broke out in the Ottoman provinces of Macedonia and Adrianople.
• Pittencrieff Park in Dunfermline, Scotland, was gifted to the people of the town by Dunfermline native Andrew Carnegie.^[3]
• The US schooner Tennie and Laura capsized and sank in Lake Michigan, 9 nautical miles (17 km) off Port Washington, Wisconsin. One of the two crew members was killed.
• Göteborgs IF won the final of Sweden's 1903 Svenska Mästerskapet football tournament.^[4]

August 3, 1903 (Monday)

• Born:
  • Habib Bourguiba, Tunisian lawyer and politician, President of Tunisia 1957–1987, in Monastir (official birth date) (d. 2000)
  • Fahri Korutürk, Turkish naval officer and politician, President of Turkey 1973–80, in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (d. 1987)

August 4, 1903 (Tuesday)

• After five rounds of voting by the papal conclave, Pope Pius X (Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto) succeeded Pope Leo XIII, becoming the 257th pope.^[5]
• Born: Helen Kane, US singer, in New York City (died 1966)

August 5, 1903 (Wednesday)

• Born: Prince Nicholas of Romania, second son of King Ferdinand I of Romania and his wife Queen Marie, at Peleş Castle, Sinaia^[6] (died 1978)

August 6, 1903 (Thursday)

• King Edward VII of the United Kingdom appointed Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote, as the next Governor-General of Australia, with effect from January 1904.^[7]
• Police action forced the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, presided over by Lenin, to relocate from Brussels, Belgium, to London, UK.^[8]
• The second tropical cyclone of the season was observed east of the Windward Islands.

August 7, 1903 (Friday)

• Over 20 people died in a rear end crash between two circus trains in Durand, Michigan. Chief Special Agent Albert W. Large of the Grand Trunk Railroad Police Department was killed, and another special agent was seriously injured in the crash, which was caused by failure of the second train's air brakes.^[9]
• Born: Louis Leakey, Kenyan paleoanthropologist and archaeologist, in Kabete, East Africa Protectorate (d. 1972)

August 8, 1903 (Saturday)

• The British government wrote to other parties involved in the Berlin Conference of 1884–5, with details of abuses and atrocities in the Congo for which King Leopold II of Belgium was deemed responsible.^[10]
• During a Philadelphia Phillies home game at Baker Bowl, a balcony collapsed, killing four people and injuring many more.^[11] The Phillies temporarily moved to Columbia Park pending repairs.^[12]

August 9, 1903 (Sunday)

• At his coronation ceremony, Pope Pius X shocked his entourage by wearing a simple pectoral cross made of gilded metal, which he said was the only one he owned.^[13]
• The tropical storm observed on August 6 struck Martinique, leaving thousands homeless in Fort-de-France and surrounding villages. Eight people were killed.^[14]
• Kerry GAA defeated Cork GAA in the semi-final of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship - Munster division at Millstreet.

August 10, 1903 (Monday)

• Paris Métro train fire: After several attempts to extinguish a fire on the wooden-bodied Train 43–52, the flames got out of control and 84 people were killed, most at Couronnes station.
• The Oseberg Ship, a 9th-century Viking ship, was discovered in a large burial mound at a farm near Tønsberg, Vestfold, Norway.^[15]

August 11, 1903 (Tuesday)

• Two people were killed when an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 struck Kythera, Greece.^[16][17]
• A hurricane struck Jamaica, devastating the island's northern shore and wrecking several ships. Between 65 and 90 people were killed.^[18]
• Charles Sullivan and John H. Powell shot and killed Special Policeman Robert A. Sample on Folsom Street in San Francisco, California. Sullivan would be convicted of second-degree murder in December; Powell would be convicted of manslaughter on January 2, 1904.^[19][20]
• Died: Eugenio María de Hostos, 64, Puerto Rican lawyer, philosopher and campaigner^[21]

August 12, 1903 (Wednesday)

• The hurricane that struck Jamaica on August 11 reached the Cayman Islands, destroying 200 homes and seven churches on Grand Cayman alone.^[22]

August 13, 1903 (Thursday)

August 14, 1903 (Friday)

• The Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903 was passed in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, encouraging landlords to sell their Irish estates to tenants.^[23]

August 15, 1903 (Saturday)

• The post of Commanding General of the United States Army was replaced by that of Chief of Staff of the Army; Samuel Baldwin Marks Young was the first to take the new title.

August 16, 1903 (Sunday)

• The hurricane that had already devastated Jamaica dissipated over San Luis Potosí, Mexico, where it caused significant flooding in the area between Tampico and Cárdenas.^[24]

August 17, 1903 (Monday)

• The Great Western Railway became the first British railway company to operate its own road motor services when it began running buses between Helston and The Lizard in Cornwall.^[25]

August 18, 1903 (Tuesday)

• German inventor Karl Jatho got his motorized heavier-than-air aircraft up to 200 feet (60 m) above the ground.^[26]

August 19, 1903 (Wednesday)

• Born: James Gould Cozzens, American novelist, in Chicago (d. 1978)

August 20, 1903 (Thursday)

August 21, 1903 (Friday)

• Captain Robert Falcon Scott, on his first Antarctic expedition, observed that the expedition's second long polar night had ended when he saw the sun's rim above the northern horizon.^[27]

August 22, 1903 (Saturday)

• Died: Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, 73, three time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

August 23, 1903 (Sunday)

• The Australian screw steamer Narara caught fire at her moorings at Sackville, New South Wales, Australia, and was scuttled. The ship would later be refloated, repaired, and returned to service.

August 24, 1903 (Monday)

• Laurence Doherty defeated William Clothier 6–3, 6–2, 6–3 in the Final of the U.S. Men's National Singles Championship, which took place a day late because of rain the previous day.^[28]
• Born: Graham Sutherland, English artist, in Streatham (d. 1980)

August 25, 1903 (Tuesday)

• The Judiciary Act was passed in the Australian parliament, regulating the structure of Australia's judicial system and conferring jurisdiction on Australian federal courts.^[29]
• Teresa Urrea's home in Los Angeles, United States, where she had been supporting Mexican workers, was destroyed by fire.^[30]

August 26, 1903 (Wednesday)

August 27, 1903 (Thursday)

• Lord Northcote, Governor of Bombay, informed Lord George Hamilton that he and his wife were leaving India.^[31]

August 28, 1903 (Friday)

• A reception was held at Poona, India, for the outgoing Governor of Bombay, Lord Northcote, with an estimated 7,000 people in attendance.^[31]

August 29, 1903 (Saturday)

• George Ade's play, The County Chairman, was performed for the first time, at the Auditorium in South Bend, Indiana, United States.^[32]

August 30, 1903 (Sunday)

August 31, 1903 (Monday)

• At Mount Vernon, workers began waterproofing the limestone tomb of George Washington with a vulcanizing process.^[33]
• Born: Arthur Godfrey, American broadcaster, in Manhattan (d. 1983)

References

1. [1]

   Straub, Patrick (10 November 2009). It Happened in South Dakota: Remarkable Events That Shaped History. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-7627-6171-5 – via Google Books.
2. [2]

   Caetano, Filipe (31 July 2003). "Boavista, 100 anos: no princípio eram os "footballers"" [Boavista, 100 years: in the beginning were the "footballers"] (in Portuguese). Mais Futebol. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
3. [3]

   "Mr. Carnegie And Dunfermline". The Times. No. 37153. London. 7 August 1903. p. 10.
4. [4]

   Alsiö, Martin; Frantz, Alf; Lindahl, Jimmy; et al., eds. (2004). 100 år: Svenska fotbollförbundets jubileumsbok 1904-2004, del 2: statistiken. Vällingby: Stroemberg Media Group. ISBN 91-86184-59-8.
5. [5]

   Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope Pius X" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
6. [6]

   "Fourth Generation". ancestry.com. Retrieved 12 May 2016. Date given as 18 August Gregorian calendar, which converts to 5 August in the Julian calendar used in Romania at the time.^{[dead link]}
7. [7]

   The Advertiser, 10 August 1903, page 4
8. [8]

   Krupskaya, Reminiscences of Lenin
9. [9]

   "Chief Special Agent Albert W. Large, Grand Trunk Railroad Police Department, Railroad Police". The Officer Down Memorial Page, Inc. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
10. [10]

    Louis, William Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization. I.B.Tauris. pp. 154–. ISBN 978-1-84511-347-6 – via Google Books.
11. [11]

    "Grand Stand Falls; 4 Killed, 125 Injured" (PDF). The New York Times. August 9, 1903.
12. [12]

    Macht, Norman L.; Mack, Connie III (2007). Connie Mack and the Early Years of Baseball. University of Nebraska Press. p. 316. ISBN 978-0-8032-3263-1. Retrieved May 22, 2009 – via Google Books.
13. [13]

    Avella, Steven M; Zalar, Jeffrey (Fall 1997), "Sanctity in the Era of Catholic Action: The Case of St. Pius X", Catholic Historian, vol. 15, no. 4 (Spirituality and Devotionalism ed.), US, pp. 57–80
14. [14]

    "Renders 5,000 Homeless". The Pittsburg Post. Washington, D.C. August 12, 1903. p. 1. Retrieved May 30, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
15. [15]

    Durham, Keith; Noon, Steve (2002). Viking Longship. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-349-7 – via Google Books.
16. [16]

    "Centennial Earthquake Catalog". United States Geological Survey. August 11, 1903. Archived from the original on April 9, 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
17. [17]

    "Significant Earthquake GREECE: MITATA (KYTHERA)". National Geophysical Data Center. August 11, 1903. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
18. [18]

    "Ninety Lives Lost in Jamaica Storm". Los Angeles Herald-Express. Los Angeles. September 18, 1903. Retrieved May 17, 2016 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
19. [19]

    "Guilty of Manslaughter". San Francisco Call. Vol. 95, no. 34. January 3, 1904. Page 2, column 1. Retrieved December 16, 2021 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
20. [20]

    "SAMPLE MURDER GETS INVOLVED Another Affidavit Is Filed to Corroborate Confession of the Slayer of Special Officer". San Francisco Call. Vol. 95, no. 55. January 24, 1904. Page 48, columns 2-3. Retrieved December 22, 2021 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
21. [21]

    Sánchez, Luis Alberto (1963). Eugenio María de Hostos. Escritores representativos de América. Madrid: Gredos 2. pp. 147–154.
22. [22]

    Partagas, Jose F. (1997). Year 1903 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 48–52. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
23. [23]

    Miller, David W.: Church, State and Nation in Ireland 1898–1921 Land for the People pp.77–94, Gill & Macmillan (1973) ISBN 0-7171-0645-4
24. [24]

    "Storm's Work in Mexico" (PDF). The New York Times. Austin, Texas. August 22, 1903. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
25. [25]

    Cummings, John (1980). Railway Motor Buses and Bus Services in the British Isles 1902–1933. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86093-050-5.
26. [26]

    "The Pioneers : An Anthology: Karl Jatho (1873–1933)". Archived from the original on August 27, 2002. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
27. [27]

    Savours, Ann (4 April 2013). The Voyages of the Discovery: An Illustrated History of Scott's Ship. Seaforth Publishing. pp. 54–. ISBN 978-1-84832-702-3 – via Google Books.
28. [28]

    "Tennis Final Postponed" (PDF). The New York Times. August 26, 1903.
29. [29]

    ALRC Report 92: A Review of the Judiciary Act 1903 and Related Legislation – Australian Law Reform Commission Review (July 2001)
30. [30]

    Vanderwood, Paul J. (1998). The Power of God Against the Guns of Government: Religious Upheaval in Mexico at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century. Stanford University Press. pp. 384–. ISBN 978-0-8047-3039-6 – via Google Books.
31. [31]

    Taylor, Elizabeth (31 May 2013). The Old World and the New: The Marriage and Colonial Adventures of Lord and Lady Northcote. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 74–. ISBN 978-1-4438-4919-7 – via Google Books.
32. [32]

    Playbill (October 1903)^{[dead link]}
33. [33]

    "ELEMENTS PLAY HAVOC WITH WASHINGTON RELICS Efforts Are Being Made to Preserve Tomb and Mansion at Mount Vernon". San Francisco Call. Vol. XCIV, no. 94. 2 September 1903. Page 1, column 3. Retrieved 20 March 2022 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.