BUB1B

This gene encodes a kinase involved in spindle checkpoint function and chromosome segregation.^[6] The protein has been localized to the kinetochore and plays a role in the inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), delaying the onset of anaphase and ensuring proper chromosome segregation. Impaired spindle checkpoint function has been found in many forms of cancer.^[7]

Increased expression of BubR1 in mice extends a healthy lifespan.^[8]

BubR1 has been implicated in a variety of biological processes and pathologies, including cancer, aging, mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA), and heart disease. BubR1 protein levels are shown to decline with age.^[8][9][10] Furthermore, loss of BubR1 in young organisms is associated with rapid aging and premature onset of age-related diseases and phenotypes such as cardiac dysfunction, poor wound healing, cataracts, kyphosis, fat loss and muscle wasting (cachexia), and cancer.^[9] This has been demonstrated in mice.

Chemoradiotherapy (CRT), the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy applied with curative intent, is used to treat a variety of cancers. CRT acts by inducing damage in the DNA of the cancer cells. Bladder cancer tumor samples were taken from patients before treatment and from the same patients after CRT treatment when the tumors had reoccurred.^[11] An increased level of BUB1B expression was found in the CRT-recurrent cells. This increased expression was considered to facilitate an inaccurate DNA repair process termed alternative non-homologous end joining (A-NHEJ) that inaccurately repairs DNA damages such as those caused by the CRT. This inaccurate repair could cause additional mutations in the tumor including mutations to CRT resistance.^[11]

BUB1B has been shown to interact with:

• AP2B1^[12]
• BRCA2^[13]
• BUB3^[12][14][15]
• CDC20^{[16][17][18][19][20][21]}
• MAD2L1^[16]
• CBP^[22]
• SIRT2^[22][23][24]
• PLK1^{[25][26][27][28][29]}
• PP2A-B56^{[29][30][31][32]}
• HDAC1^[33]
• HDAC2 / HDAC3^[34]
• SNCG^[35]