Borders of India

Political boundaries between India and neighboring territories From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Republic of India shares borders with several sovereign countries; it shares land borders with China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar.[1] Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Pakistan share both land borders as well as maritime borders, while Sri Lanka shares only a maritime border through Ram Setu. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar and Indonesia.

India and its borders.

Borders

Land

Barriers

See also: Great Green Wall (India) and Great Hedge of India

India has constructed fences along the following borders:[2]

Borders

See also: Disputed territories of India, Indian subcontinent, Greater India, and Indosphere

India shares land borders with six sovereign nations. The state's Ministry of Home Affairs also recognizes a 106 kilometres (66 mi) land border with a seventh nation, Afghanistan, as part of its claim on the Kashmir region; however, this is disputed and the region bordering Afghanistan has been administered by Pakistan as part of Gilgit-Baltistan since 1947 (see Durand Line).[3]

More information Land Border Country, Dispute ...
Land Border Country Dispute Length (Km) and (mi) Force Comments
BangladeshN4,096 kilometres (2,545 mi)Border Security ForceMost of the India–Bangladesh enclaves exchanged in 2015. See Bangladesh Liberation War and Bangladesh–India relations.
BhutanN578 kilometres (359 mi)[4]Sashastra Seema BalOpen border. See Bhutan–India relations.
ChinaY3,488 kilometres (2,167 mi)Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Special Frontier ForceAlso see Ardagh–Johnson Line, Macartney–MacDonald Line, McMahon Line, Sino-Indian border dispute and China–India relations.
MyanmarN1,643 kilometres (1,021 mi)Assam Rifles and Indian ArmySee India-Myanmar relations.
NepalY1,752 kilometres (1,089 mi)[5]Sashastra Seema BalOpen border. See Kalapani territory, Susta territory and India-Nepal relations.
Pakistan Y3,320 kilometres (2,060 mi)Border Security ForceAlso see Radcliffe Line, Line of Control, Actual Ground Position Line and Sir Creek. See Partition of India, Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts, Transport between India and Pakistan and India-Pakistan relations.
Afghanistan[6]Y106 kilometres (66 mi)Border Security ForcePart I of the Constitution of India defines India as having a land border with 7 countries, including with Afghanistan. India claims a border between the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan and Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan-administered Kashmir as part of their claim to sovereignty of the whole Kashmir region.[6][7][8][9] See Afghanistan–Pakistan border dispute, India-Afghanistan land border and Durand Line.
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Border ceremonies

India co-hosts the joint ceremonies with the neighbouring nations at the following border crossings. The most attended and emotionally charged among these is the one at Wagha-Attari Border near Amritsar-Lahore.

More information Border, Ceremony Locations ...
BorderCeremony LocationsNotes
India-Pakistan border
(listed north to south)		 Attari–Wagah border ceremony near Amritsar in Punjab.[10][11]Joint daily India-Pak ceremony, most attended and emotionally charged ceremony.
Ganda Singh Wala–Hussainiwala border ceremony near Firozepur in Punjab.[10][11]Joint daily India-Pak ceremony with cafes. Indian side has tourist facilities, shops, Hussainiwala National Martyrs Memorial and museum of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru at the site of their cremation by British raj.
Sadqi-Sulemanki border ceremony near Fazilka in Punjab.[12][13][14]Joint daily India-Pak ceremony with cafe on Indian side.
Hindumalkote in Sri Ganganagar district of RajasthanOne-sided daily display by India's BSF with cafe, reachable by road or rail 18 km from Sri Ganganagar to Hindumalkote railway station though historic India-Pakistan railway link is now defunct.[15]
Khajuwala Satpal Border Outpost (BOP) in Bikaner district of RajasthanOne-sided daily display by India's BSF with a Beating Retreat ceremony, tourist gallery, and cafe.[15]
Sanchu Post in Bikaner district of RajasthanOne-sided occasional display by India's BSF with cafe and museum on Indian side surrounded by tall sand dunes, 38 km west of Ranjeetpura and 175 km west of Bikaner.[15]
Tanot/Longewala in Jaisalmer district in RajasthanOne-sided occasional display by India's BSF with cafe and War Museum on Indian side which also shows the famous open-air battlefield with captured 1971 Pakistani tanks.[15]
Khokhrapar–Munabao border ceremony in Barmer district of Rajasthan.[10][11]Joint daily India-Pak ceremony.[15]
Nadabet of Vav-Tharad district in GujaratOne-Sided Tue-Sun (closed Monday) display by India's BSF with a major tourist complex on India side which also has museum and cafe.[15]
India-China border
(listed west to east)		 Daulat Beg OldiBorder Personnel Meeting Point (BPM Point)
Spanggur Gap (Chushul)Border Personnel Meeting point, tourists on Indian side need Inner Line Permit (ILP).
Nathu LaUsed for pilgrims to monasteries in Sikkim; reduces journey time to Lake Manasarovar.[16] Tourists to Nathu La on Indian side need ILP.
Bum La Pass (Tawang)Open on Sundays and during cultural ceremonies, tourists La on Indian side need ILP.
Kaho (north of Kibithu in Walong sector)Border Personnel Meeting point, tourists on Indian side need ILP.
India-Bangladesh border
(listed clockwise from southwest)		 Benapole–Petrapole border ceremony in North 24 Parganas district of West BengalJoint daily ceremony by BSF (Border Security Force) and BGB (Border Guards Bangladesh).[17][18] 60-70 km northeast of Barasat and Kolkatta.
Phulbari-Banglabandha in Darjeeling district of West BengalJoint daily ceremony 11 km south of Siliguri.
Changrabandha-Burimari in Cooch Behar district of West BengalJoint daily ceremony, 80 km southeast of SIlliguri and 70 km east of Cooch Bihar.
Agartala-Akhaura in TripuraJoint daily ceremony, its the second-largest site on India-Bangladesh border 4km west of Agartala city.
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Maritime borders and EEZs

See also: Exclusive economic zone of India
EEZs in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans

Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of a 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial maritime zone and 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive economic zone, has a more than 7,000-kilometre (4,300 mi) maritime border shared with seven nations.

More information Maritime Border Country, Length (km) and (mi) ...
Maritime Border Country Length (km) and (mi) Force Comments
BangladeshIndian NavyNew Moore Island in Bay of Bengal
Indonesia555 kilometres (345 mi)Indian NavyIndira Point in Andaman Sea
MyanmarIndian NavyLandfall Island in Andaman Sea
PakistanIndian NavySir Creek in Arabian Sea
ThailandIndian Navy Similan Islands in Andaman Sea
Sri Lanka>400 kilometres (250 mi)[19]Indian NavyKatchatheevu in Palk Strait
Maldives1,009 kilometres (627 mi)Indian NavyMaliku Kandu in Laccadive Sea
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Designated border crossings

The map of ICP and LCS.

Integrated Check Posts (ICP)

See also: Transport between India and Pakistan and Transport between India and Bangladesh

India has 7 functional ICPs, and plans are underway to upgrade 13 more LCS to ICP, including 7 at borders taking total of border ICP to 14, at the cost of ₹3,005 crore (US$360 million)(56 Australian Dollars as of May 2025)(c. June 2024 ).[20][21] Designated Integrated Check Posts (ICP), with both customs and immigration facilities are:[22]

More information Border, State ...
BorderStateCheck PostStatusNotesReferences
India–Bangladesh AssamSutarkandiPlannedConnects to Golapganj uppozilla in Sylhet District[20]
MeghalayaDawki ICPOperational since 2018Connects to Tambil post (Bangladesh)[23]
MizoramKawrpuichhuah (near Tlabung)Operational since Oct 2017On Khawthalangtuipui river (Karnaphuli)[20][24][25]
Tripura Agartala–AkhauraOperational (c. 2017)Connects to Dhaka[21]
Belonia–ParshuramRoad and rail crossing
West Bengal PetrapoleOperational (c. 2017)Connects Kolkata to Dhaka[21]
GhojadangaPlanned[20][26]
MahadipurIn-principle approval (2019)Connects to Rajshahi[26][20]
FulbariPlanned[20]
HiliPlanned[20]
India–Bhutan West BengalJaigaonPlan approved (c. 2016)In Alipurduar district[27]
India–Myanmar ManipurMoreh ICPOperational[28]
MizoramZochawchhuah–ZorinpuiOperational since Oct 2017On Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project[28][25]
India–Nepal UttarakhandBanbasaIn-principle approval (2019)In Champawat district[26]
BiharBhitthamoreIn-principle approval (2019)In Sitamarhi district[26][29]
BiharJogbani[27]
West BengalPanitankiIn-principle approval (2019)In Darjeeling district[27][26]
BiharICP Raxaul[27]
Uttar PradeshSonauli[citation needed]
Uttar PradeshRupaidiha[27]
Uttar PradeshTaulihawa-Siddharthnagar[27]
India–Pakistan PunjabAttariOperational (2017)At Wagah (see Samjhauta Express)
PunjabKartarpur CorridorVisa-free access to Gurdwara Darbar Sahib
RajasthanMunabao(see Thar Express)
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Land Customs Stations (LCS)

More information Border, State ...
BorderStateLand Customs StationConnecting To (Bangladesh)StatusNotesReferences
India–BangladeshAssam MankacharRowmari post (Natun Bandar, Rangpur division)Functional[30]
Karimganj Steamer and Ferry Station (KSFS)Zakiganj post (Sylhet division)Functional[30]
Guwahati Steamer Ghat (Dhubri district)Functional[30]
Dhubri Steamer GhatRowmati (Maymansingh division)Functional[30]
Mahisasan railway stationShahbazpur (Sylhet division)Non-functional[30]
GolokganjSonahaat (Rangpur Division)Non-functional[30]
Silchar Railway Mail ServiceNon-functionalInland LCS (no border crossing)[30]
India–BangladeshMeghalaya Baghmara (South Garo Hills)Bijoyour postFunctional[30]
BholaganjChatak (Sunamganj division)Functional[30]
Borsara (West Khasi Hills)Borsara postFunctional[30]
MahendraganjBakshiganjFunctionalOn NH12[30]
DaluNakugaon postFunctionalOn NH217[30]
ShellabazarSunamganj (Sylhet division)Functional[30]
GasuaparaKaroitol (Mymansing division)Functional[30]
Ryngku (East Khasi Hills)Kalibari (Sonamganj division)Non-functional[30]
Balat (East Khasi Hills)Dolura (Sylhet division)Non-functional[30]
India–BangladeshTripura SrimantapurBibir Bazar (Comilla division)OperationalBecame operational January 2016[31]
DhalaighatKumarghat (Sunamganj division)Functional[30]
KhowaighatBalla (Habiganj division)Functional[30]
ManuChatlapur (Sylhet division)Functional[30]
MuhurighatBelonia (Feni division)Functional[30]
Old RagnabazarBetul (Fultali) (Sylhet division)Functional[30]
India–BangladeshMizoram KawarpuchiahOperationalOpened October 2017 by PM Modi[32]
DemagiriRangamati (Sylhet division)Non-functional[30]
India–PakistanRajasthanLongewalaIn Jaisalmer district
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Border markets

See also: India-Bangladesh Border Haat

This is incomplete list of designated border markets, also called bazaars and haats, established by the efforts of Ministry of External Affairs.[22]

India–Bangladesh

More information State, District ...
India–Bangladesh Border Haats
State District Location Reference
Meghalaya East Khasi Hills district Balat [33]
Bholaganj [33]
South West Garo Hills district Kalaichar [33]
Ryngku [33]
West Garo Hills district Nalikata [33]
Shibbari [33]
Mizoram Mamit district Mapara - Longkor
Tuipuibari - Not provided
Lunglei district Silsury - Mahmuam
Nunsuri - Not provided
Tripura West Tripura district Kamalasagar
Boxanagar
Bamutia
South Tripura district Srinagar, Tripura
Ekimpur
North Tripura district Pal Basti (Raghna)
Hiracherra (Kailasahar)
Kamalpur, Tripura (Dhalai)
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India–Bhutan

India-Bhutan Border Haat on India-Bhutan border are in operation, such as the Gelephu-Hatisar border market road entry point,[34] Phuntsholing to its west and Samdrup Jongkhar to its east are two other border market road entry points into Bhutan.

India–Myanmar

India–Myanmar border Haats are.[35][36]

More information State, District ...
India–Myanmar Border Haats
State District Indian Location Myanmar Location Reference
Arunachal Pradesh Changlang district Pangsau Pass (Nampong) Pangsau, Kachin State [35][36]
Chingsa (Khimiyang Circle) Langhong, Kachin State [35][36]
Makantong (Khimiyang Circle) Ngaimong, Kachin State [35][36]
Tirap district Wakka/Pongchao/Lazu Tirap, Kachin State [35][36]
Manipur Ukhrul district Kongkan Thana Aungci (suggested by State Government) [35][36]
Chandel district New Somtal Thenjen, or Khampat [35][36]
Churachandpur district Behiang Khenman, or Chikha [35][36]
Mizoram Lawngtlai district Hruitezawl Varang [35][36]
Champhai district Hnahlan Darkhai [35][36]
Vaphai Leilet [35][36]
Siaha district Chakhang Nviaphia [35][36]
Nagaland Tuensang district Avakhung Layshi (32 km apart) [35][36]
Pangsha Lahe/Hkamti District HQ (60 km apart) [35][36]
Mon district Chemoho/Longwa Lahe (60 km apart) [35][36]
Phek district Molhe Pansat (10 km apart) [35][36]
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In popular media

Pradeep Damodaran's book Borderlands: Travels Across India's Boundaries chronicles all land borders of India.[37] The Bollywood director J. P. Dutta has specialised in making Hindi movies with India's border as a key element of the theme, his movies are Border, Refugee, LOC: Kargil, Paltan, etc.[38]

Gallery

  • Bhutan Gate between Jaigaon and Phuntsholing.
    Bhutan Gate between Jaigaon and Phuntsholing.
  • India-Myanmar Rikhawdar-Zokhawthar border crossing across the Tyao River.
    India-Myanmar Rikhawdar-Zokhawthar border crossing across the Tyao River.
  • India-Pakistan Border ceremony at Attari–Wagah border.
    India-Pakistan Border ceremony at Attari–Wagah border.
  • India-Tibet Nathu La border in Sikkim.
    India-Tibet Nathu La border in Sikkim.
  • Indian and Bangladeshi soldiers at Benapole–Petrapole border ceremony.
    Indian and Bangladeshi soldiers at Benapole–Petrapole border ceremony.
  • India-Nepal border - signage board at Bhitthamore gateway.
    India-Nepal border - signage board at Bhitthamore gateway.

See also

India related
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References

External links

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