Carbadox
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Carbadox is a veterinary drug that combats infection in swine, particularly swine dysentery.
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Methyl (2E)-2-[(1,4-dioxidoquinoxalin-2-yl) | |
| Other names
Mecadox | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.027.163 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C11H10N4O4 | |
| Molar mass | 262.225 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Yellow crystals |
| Density | 1.44 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 239.5 °C (463.1 °F; 512.6 K) |
| Insoluble | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
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| Warning | |
| H228, H302 | |
| P210, P240, P241, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P330, P370+P378, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Indications
Carbadox is indicated for control of swine dysentery (vibrionic dysentery, bloody scours, or hemorrhagic dysentery); control of bacterial swine enteritis (salmonellosis or necrotic enteritis caused by Salmonella enterica); aid in the prevention of migration and establishment of large roundworm (Ascaris suum) infections; aid in the prevention of establishment of nodular worm (Oesophagostomum) infections.[1]
Safety
In animal models, carbadox has been shown to be carcinogenic[citation needed] and to induce birth defects.[2] The Food and Drug Administration's Center for Veterinary Medicine has questioned the safety in light of its possible carcinogenicity.[3]
Regulation
Carbadox is approved in the United States only for use in swine and may not be used within 42 days of slaughter or used in pregnant animals.[1] In 2016, the United States Food and Drug Administration moved to ban its use in pork, citing a potential cancer risk to humans.[4] However, as of August 2018, FDA had indefinitely stayed its withdrawal of approval and carbadox remains available. [5]
In 2004, carbadox was banned by the Canadian government as a livestock feed additive and for human consumption.[6][failed verification] The European Union also forbids the use of carbadox at any level.[7] Australia forbids the use of carbadox in food producing animals.[8]