Closterovirus
Genus of viruses
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Closterovirus, also known as beet yellows viral group, is a genus of viruses, in the family Closteroviridae.[1] Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 17 species in this genus.[1][2] Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.[1][3] This genus has a probably worldwide distribution and includes among other viral species the Beet yellows virus and Citrus tristeza virus, rather economically important plant diseases. At least some species require vectors such as aphids or mealybugs for their transmission from plant to plant.[1]
| Closterovirus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Kitrinoviricota |
| Class: | Alsuviricetes |
| Order: | Martellivirales |
| Family: | Closteroviridae |
| Genus: | Closterovirus |
Taxonomy
The following species are assigned to the genus, listed by scientific name and followed by their common names:[2]
- Closterovirus arracaciae, Arracacha virus 1
- Closterovirus carotae, Carrot closterovirus 1
- Closterovirus flavarctii, Burdock yellows virus
- Closterovirus flavibetae, Beet yellows virus
- Closterovirus flavicarotae, Carrot yellow leaf virus
- Closterovirus flavitritici, Wheat yellow leaf virus
- Closterovirus fragariae, Strawberry chlorotic fleck-associated virus
- Closterovirus macularubi, Raspberry leaf mottle virus
- Closterovirus menthae, Mint virus 1
- Closterovirus nanobetae, Beet yellow stunt virus
- Closterovirus necrodianthi, Carnation necrotic fleck virus
- Closterovirus rehmanniae, Rehmannia virus 1
- Closterovirus rosafolium, Rose leaf rosette-associated virus
- Closterovirus tabaci, Tobacco virus 1
- Closterovirus tristezae, Citrus tristeza virus
- Closterovirus uniribi, Blackcurrant closterovirus 1
- Closterovirus vitis, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2
RNA pseudoknot
The viral RNA molecules of some members of this genus contain four hair-pin structures and a pseudoknot in the 3'UTR.[4] These secondary structures have been found to be important in viral RNA replication.[5]
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.[1][3]
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Closterovirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: insects |
Structure
Viruses in Closterovirus are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10–13 nm, with a length of 1250–2200 nm. Genomes are linear, around 19.3kb in length.[1][3]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Closterovirus | Filamentous | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |