Han Kuo-yu
Taiwanese politician (born 1957)
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Han Kuo-yu (Chinese: 韓國瑜; pinyin: Hán Guóyú; born 17 June 1957), also known by his English name Daniel Han,[2][3][4] is a Taiwanese politician and retired army officer who has served as the president of the Legislative Yuan since 2024. He is a member of the Kuomintang (KMT).
- Taipei County (1993–1999)
Taipei County 3 (1999–2002)
Han Kuo-yu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 韓國瑜 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Official portrait, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13th President of the Legislative Yuan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assumed office 1 February 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vice President | Johnny Chiang | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | You Si-kun | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Member of the Legislative Yuan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assumed office 1 February 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Constituency | Party-list (KMT) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 1 February 1993 – 31 January 2002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Constituency | See list
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| 2nd Mayor of Kaohsiung | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 25 December 2018 – 12 June 2020* | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deputy | See list
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| Preceded by | Hsu Li-ming (acting) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Yang Ming-jou (acting) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Taipei County Councilor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 1 March 1990 – 31 January 1993 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Constituency | Zhonghe District | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | 17 June 1957 Taipei County, Taiwan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Kuomintang | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Education | Republic of China Military Academy (BS) Soochow University (BA) National Chengchi University (MA) Peking University (PhD) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Military service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Branch/service |  Republic of China Army | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Years of service | 1975–1981 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank | Captain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unit | 249th Field Division[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
*Yeh Kuang-shih was acting mayor from 16 October 2019 – 11 January 2020. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Born to a military family, Han graduated from the Republic of China Military Academy and served six years in the Republic of China Army as an army officer. He studied English literature at Soochow University, earned a master's degree from National Chengchi University in 1988, and was a doctoral student at Peking University from 2001 to 2009. He first entered politics in 1990, when he won election to the Taipei County Council. From 1993 to 2002, Han represented a portion of Taipei County in the Legislative Yuan for three terms. Afterwards, he was the head of the state-owned Taipei Agricultural Products Marketing Company from 2013 to 2017.
Han ran unsuccessfully in the 2017 Kuomintang chairmanship election against Wu Den-yih, placing fourth. In 2018, Han ran for Mayor of Kaohsiung and won the election as a dark horse and populist candidate.[5] He was the first member of the KMT to hold the office since 1998. The party nominated him as its candidate in the 2020 Taiwanese presidential election, though he lost to Tsai Ing-wen. In 2020, Han was recalled from his position as mayor. He returned to the Legislative Yuan after winning a party-list seat in the 2024 legislative election and was elected the president of the Legislative Yuan on February 1, 2024.
Early life
Han Kuo-yu was born in Taipei County, Taiwan, on June 17, 1957.[6][7] He was the fifth child in a family of six children; he has two sisters and three brothers.[8] His father, Han Ji-hua (韓濟華), and his mother, Han Mo-yu (韓莫蘊), were both schoolteachers from Shangqiu, Henan, who met as classmates in college.[9] During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Ji-hua graduated from Whampoa Military Academy and served in India as a member of the Chinese Expeditionary Force, where he was a lieutenant in an elite tank battalion.[9][10] While in Burma, Ji-hua commanded a tank division during the Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan,[11] and was later commemorated in 2024 as a war hero.[12]
As a child, Han was raised in a military dependents' village.[9] His parents had migrated from mainland China to Taiwan during the Great Retreat; they initially settled in Qingshui District, Taichung, but moved to Zhongli, Taoyuan, then Banqiao, Taipei, and finally to Zhonghe District, Taipei.[9] Among his childhood neighbors was legislator Lin Cheng-chieh, whose family lived adjacent to Han's in Shou-de Village (壽德新村) in Zhonghe.[8] Han attended primary school at Banqiao Primary School and finished his schooling there in 1969.[13] He then was among the first graduating class of Hai-Shan Junior High School in 1972.[14] Afterwards, he attended Heng Yee Catholic Senior High School.[15][16]
Education and military service
In 1975, Han enlisted in the army at age 18 and, after sitting the entrance examination, was admitted to the Republic of China Military Academy, where he became a member of the 40th class of its advanced training program.[1] While attending the academy, Han defrayed his student expenses by working as a guard during the day and a telephone operator at night.[17]
| Han Kuo-yu | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 韓國瑜 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 韩国瑜 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Han served six years in the Republic of China Army, during which period he was stationed in the Matsu Islands, commanded a motor transport unit, and spent his last service year in Hualien. He was discharged as a captain in April 1981.[1] He then took the Joint College Entrance Examination for college admission and enrolled at Soochow University to study English.[1] He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English literature in 1985.[18] As an undergraduate, Han worked part-time as a security guard for an American club.[19]
In 1988, Han earned a Master of Arts (M.A.) in East Asian studies from National Chengchi University.[20] He wrote a 99-page master's thesis titled, "A study of negotiations during the 'Two Airlines Uprising' from the perspective of the CCP's United Front strategy" (Chinese: 從中共「對臺統戰」策略看兩航談判),[21] which analyzed Chinese united front strategies and the efficacy of one country, two systems.[22] His thesis advisor was the political scientist Su Chi.[23]
Prior to running for public office, Han worked as a school principal.[24] When he was 33 years old, he taught English and civics as a part-time teacher at Shih Hsin University,[19] and lectured at Hualien Teachers' College and a journalism school.[17] From 2001 to 2009, Han studied for a doctorate in political science and public administration at Peking University, where he was a Ph.D. student.[25] As a doctoral student at Peking, he published an academic article in a Chinese journal, The Journal of Election Review (中華選舉研究學會刊), on recall elections in Taiwan in 2009.[26] The university lists him as a 2009 Ph.D. graduate of the Guanghua School of Management, although Han stated in 2018 that he ultimately did not receive a degree.[25][27]
Early political career
Taipei County Councilor (1990–1993)
While pursuing his graduate studies at National Chengchi University, Han attended classes during the day and worked as a mainland affairs researcher at the China Times during evenings; he initially began his graduate studies in international relations but switched to East Asian studies. His interest in politics led him to borrow NT$900,000 from close friends in order to launch an election campaign for a seat on the Taipei County Council. In the 1990 county council election, Han ran as an independent with the support of Apollo Chen, who had been elected to the council the previous year.[28] He ultimately won the seat representing Zhonghe District on the Taipei County Council and took office on March 1, 1990.[29]
During his time in office as a councilor, Han was a close political associate of fellow councilors Wu Shan-jiu and Chiang Huei-chen, with whom he often caucused to oppose You Ching, a member of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).[28] His term ended on January 31, 1993.[29]
Legislative Yuan
On December 19, 1992, Han began a campaign to be elected a member of the Legislative Yuan. He won a clear majority to represent an at-large Taipei constituency as a KMT nominee.[29] He remained in office until 2002, serving for a time as KMT caucus leader.[30] Han was also the founding leader of what became the New Taipei City Hakka Association, serving from 1992 to 1998.[31]
As a legislator, he became known for his combative personality,[32] most famously assaulting, and landing in hospital in the 1990s, the opposition legislator and future president Chen Shui-bian in the Legislative Yuan on one occasion.[33] For their support of the construction of the Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant, Han, Hung Hsiu-chu, Chan Yu-jen, and Lin Chih-chia were targeted with an unsuccessful recall referendum.[34] Subsequently, Han lost reelection to the legislature in 2001.[35] He then served as deputy mayor of Zhonghe under mayor Chiu Chui-yi.[36][37]
Taipei Agricultural Products Marketing Corporation
After leaving politics, Han lived in Yunlin County, in his wife's hometown,[38] where he became friendly with former Yunlin County Magistrate Chang Jung-wei. Due to their friendly relationship, Han was believed to be Chang's ally.[39][40]
In January 2013, with Chang's support, Han became the general manager of Taipei Agricultural Products Marketing Corporation (TAPMC), a corporation jointly owned by Taipei City and the Council of Agriculture. The TAPMC manages the produce demands of the greater Taipei area.[41][42]
2017 KMT chairmanship election
In January 2017, Han resigned from his position as president of TAPMC to enter that year's Kuomintang chairmanship election.[43][44] He finished fourth in a field of six candidates. Following his loss to Wu Den-yih, Han served as the Kuomintang's Kaohsiung chapter director.[45]
Mayor of Kaohsiung
In May 2018, Han won the Kuomintang's Kaohsiung mayoral primary, defeating rival Chen Yi-min, and was subsequently nominated as the party's mayoral candidate.[45]
During the initial campaign stage, he received almost no support from the party as he was seen as unlikely to win the election due to the traditionally deep-rooted Democratic Progressive Party presence in Kaohsiung. However, his popularity soared within months during the campaign period,[46][47][48] a phenomenon which has been termed "Hánliú" (韓流). The main focus of his campaign was on the air pollution and economic growth of Kaohsiung.[49][50]
Despite his claims of having minimal support for his Kaohsiung election, accordingly to paperwork filed with the Central Election Commission, Han received and spent the most compared to the other mayoral races in Taiwan. Campaign contributions totaled NT$129,149,779 (US$4,304,992) and expenses totaled NT$140,873,536 (US$4,695,784). The amounts exceeded the NT$88,841,000 cap placed by election rules.[51]
Han defeated Chen Chi-mai in local elections held on 24 November 2018, and became the first mayor of Kaohsiung affiliated with the Kuomintang since Wu Den-yih left office in 1998.[52] The success of the KMT during the elections has been attributed to Han's popularity.[53]
The day after he won the mayoral election, Han invited Foxconn to invest in Kaohsiung.[54] In addition, he sought fluent English speakers to fill vacancies in his administration pertaining to promotion and public relations.[55] Han expressed support for the 1992 consensus and stated that he would form committees dedicated to Cross-Strait relations.[56] On 3 December 2018, it was announced that former Transportation and Communications minister Yeh Kuang-shih would be Han's deputy mayor. Lee Shu-chuan was appointed as a second deputy mayor on 15 December 2018.[57]
Han was inaugurated on 25 December 2018. During the ceremony, he promised to promote Kaohsiung products, facilitate the inflow of money to the city, pay off the city's debt and invest in future generations via bilingual education.[58]
On 24 February 2019, Han began a five-day trip to Malaysia and Singapore to discuss business and tourism opportunities for Kaohsiung, his first official overseas visit as mayor.[59]
In March 2019, Han and a delegation of municipal officials visited Hong Kong, Macau and Mainland China for a seven-day trip to discuss agriculture. Members of the delegation included Han and his wife, deputy mayor Yeh Kuang-shih, and ten Kaohsiung City Councilors.[60] In Hong Kong, Han met with Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam at the Government House, followed by a visit to the Hong Kong Liaison Office, where he met with the office director Wang Zhimin, making him the first ROC politician to ever visit the liaison office,[61][62][60][63] a move that was criticized by the opposition DPP as promoting unification under "one country, two systems."[64] In Macau, he met with the Macau Chief Executive Fernando Chui to discuss public health and sign a trade agreement between the two cities.[65] He also visited the Macau Liaison Office and had a dinner with the liaison office's director Fu Ziying.[66] In Shenzhen, Han met with Taiwan Affairs Office Director Liu Jieyi and Shenzhen Communist Party Secretary Wang Weizhong.[67] The total value of trade deals signed during Han's visit totaled NT$5.2 billion.[68]
On 9 April 2019, Han embarked on a nine-day visit to the United States, where he visited Boston, Los Angeles, and Silicon Valley. During the trip, Han sought to encourage American investment in Kaohsiung. He met with Congresspeople Ted Lieu and Judy Chu and also Los Angeles Deputy Mayor Nina Hachigian.[69] Han also gave talks at Harvard University and Stanford University.[70]
Recall
Han returned to Kaohsiung and resumed mayoral duties on 13 January 2020.[71] On 17 January 2020, a petition to recall Han cleared the first threshold with 28,560 signatures, exceeding the required 1% of the electorate (22,814 signatures).[72] On 7 April, the city's electoral commission verified that 377,662 of approximately 406,000 signatures collected in the second phase of the recall petition were valid, clearing the threshold of 10% of the electorate, setting the stage for a recall vote in June.[73][74] Though he urged his supporters to boycott the vote, he was recalled with 40% of voters turning out, and 97% voting in favor of the recall.[75][76][77]
2020 presidential campaign
Soon after Han took office as mayor, support for Han as a candidate for the 2020 Taiwan presidential election began to build.[78][79] Han initially refused calls for him to contest the election,[80] and later stated that he would not participate in the 2019 Kuomintang presidential primary.[81][82] A week after that statement, Han said that he would abide by Kuomintang's primary process, opening the door for his potential nomination as a presidential candidate.[83] On 5 June 2019, Han announced that he would stand in the Kuomintang presidential primary.[84][85] Han registered for the primary three days after his announcement.[86] Han scheduled five rallies for the primary, with the last one held on 8 July in Hsinchu City.[87] On 15 July, he won the Kuomintang presidential primary[88][89] and was formally nominated as the Kuomintang presidential candidate on 28 July 2019.[90][91]
Han held a presidential election rally on 8 September 2019 at Xingfu Shuiyang Park (Chinese:幸福水漾公園) in Sanchong District, New Taipei,[87] with former president Ma Ying-jeou and KMT chairperson Wu Den-yih in attendance. Han conveyed four main points of his campaign platform, which were to defend the Republic of China, to love Chinese culture, to uphold freedom and democracy and to never forget the struggling people.[92] He began a three-month leave of absence despite having serving only six months of his term to focus on his presidential campaign, delegating mayoral duties to Yeh Kuang-shih from 15 October 2019.[93] Some media outlet dubbed Han the "Taiwanese Trump" for his outspoken attitude and similar conservative political positions to American president Donald Trump.[94] On 11 November 2019, Han officially picked former premier Chang San-cheng as his running mate for the election.[95] The Kuomintang ticket completed registration for the election on 18 November 2019.[96][97] Han and Chang finished second in the presidential election to incumbent president Tsai Ing-wen and her running mate William Lai.[98][99]
President of the Legislative Yuan
In November 2023, Han was ranked first on the Kuomintang's proportional representation party list for the 2024 legislative election.[100] Weeks before taking office in the 11th Legislative Yuan, Han declared interest in contesting the speakership.[101][102] Han won the Yuan President election with 54 votes.[103]
Public image
Philanthropy
Han is an active participant in philanthropy. After his unsuccessful presidential bid in 2020, Han donated NT$6 million of campaign funds to charity organizations, including NT$1 million to his running mate’s foundation.[104] Following his recall as Kaohsiung mayor, he appeared at a meet-and-greet announce his appointment as president of the Dianliang Foundation and to promote his new book, which aims to improve bilingual education in elementary schools and provide support to elderly citizens.[105][106] The foundation was commended by the ROC Veteran Affairs Council for its services provided to ROCAF veterans.[107][105]
Violent incidents and alleged ties to organized crime
Han committed several violent acts in his tenure as Taipei County councillor and then Legislative Yuan member. On 16 November 1990, during then-Taipei County magistrate You Ching's presentation, Han threw a thermos at You then ran toward the podium and attempted to choke him.[108] In 1993, Han assaulted Democratic Progressive Party legislator and future president Chen Shui-bian, leaving Chen hospitalized for three days. Han later apologized for the violent act.[109]
In 1993, following a shooting at a gang leader’s funeral, Han accompanied a gang member who claimed to turn himself in to a police station. Investigators found that the gang member was taking the blame for someone else and obstructing justice. Han denied he had any culpability in the case.[110]
Days leading up to the 2020 election to recall Han as Kaohsiung mayor, National Police Agency director-general Chen Chia-chin stated that there were rumors that gang members were expected to be at voting stations to intimidate and suppress voters. The Kaohsiung Police confirmed there was information about the alleged voter suppression. However, Chen, in a separate press conference, noted that the alleged involvement with organized crime was not substantiated by evidence and was a rumor.[111] In response, Han suggested that the National Police Agency form an investigative task force.[112] No evidence suggesting Han's involvement were reported following the recall.[113]
Personal life
Han married his wife, Lee Chia-fen, in 1989.[114] They have three children.[5] In January 2022, Han published a collection of short stories and established the Light Up Foundation, a charity.[115]
