Ford Barra engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Barra is the name of an engine range by Ford Australia from 2002 to 2016, including the locally-developed and produced inline-six engines (I6), and Canadian-produced V8s. It was named after the Barramundi.[1]
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The Barra inline-six was developed by Ford Australia and built in Geelong, Victoria. It is a descendant of the original Falcon Six from 1960. It was utilised by the Australian manufactured Ford Falcon and Territory, first introduced in the Ford Falcon (BA) in 2002, continuing production until 26 September 2016, coinciding with the end of production of the Falcon and Territory on 7 October.
The Barra V8s are versions of the Ford Modular engine, built at the Essex Engine Plant in Windsor, Ontario. It was introduced in 2002 with the BA Falcon and were discontinued with the release of the Ford Falcon (FG) in 2008.
Inline 6
| Ford Barra inline-six | |
|---|---|
 Barra 190 in Ford Falcon (BF) | |
| Layout | |
| Displacement | 3,984 cc (243.1 cu in) |
| Cylinder bore | 92.26 mm (3.632 in) |
| Piston stroke | 99.31 mm (3.910 in) |
| Cylinder block material | Cast iron |
| Cylinder head material | Aluminium |
| Valvetrain | DOHC 4 valves per cyl with VCT |
| Valvetrain drive system | Timing Chain |
| Compression ratio | 8.47:1 – 12.0:1 |
| Combustion | |
| Fuel system | Multi-port fuel injection |
| Fuel type | Unleaded Autogas |
| Oil system | Wet sump |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Output | |
| Power output | 156–198 kW (209–266 hp) (autogas) 182–195 kW (244–261 hp) (petrol) |
| Torque output | 374–409 N⋅m (276–302 lb⋅ft) (autogas) 380–391 N⋅m (280–288 lb⋅ft) (petrol) |
The Barra inline-six engine was built by Ford Australia at their Geelong, Victoria engine plant.[2] It has an engine displacement of 4.0-litres, a dual overhead camshaft (DOHC), variable valve timing, variable camshaft timing (VCT), and contained 24 valves.[3] It first debuted in 2002, with the BA Falcon.[4] It was used in the Australian manufactured Ford Territory, Falcon, Fairmont and Fairlane.[5] The Barra engine ended production 26 September 2016, coinciding with the end of production of the Falcon and Territory on 7 October.[6]
It is an development of the single overhead camshaft (SOHC) Intech produced from 1998 to 2002,[7] ultimately derived from the 2.4-litre Thriftpower Six from the original 1960 American Ford Falcon.[5]
The autogas engines had green rocker covers, FPV engines blue covers, and the turbocharged engines had red covers—excluding the Territory Turbo and FG X, which were black.[8]
Petrol
Barra 182
The Barra 182 is found in the six-cylinder variants of the BA Falcon (also derivative models Fairmont and Fairlane), and SX Territory, and was produced between late 2002 and mid 2005. This was the first Falcon engine that came standard with variable camshaft timing (VCT). It had higher power outputs above those of the Holden Ecotec (Buick V6 engine) and L67 supercharged V6 engines found in the Holden VY Commodore.[9]
- Power: 182 kW (244 hp)
- Torque: 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft)
- Compression Ratio: 9.7:1
Barra 190
The Barra 190 is found in the BF Falcon and SY Territory, and was produced between late 2005 and early 2008. It is aesthetically the same and mechanically very similar to the Barra 182. Changes from its predecessor include an increase in compression ratio, a slight revision of the cam profiles, a revision of the air intake system, the introduction of dual independent variable camshaft timing, a secondary knock sensor and an upgraded ECU, which allowed for more sophisticated ignition timing and spark control. These changes led to a slight increase in power to 190 kW (255 hp).[10][11]
- Power: 190 kW (255 hp) at 5250 rpm
- Torque: 383 N⋅m (282 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm
- Compression Ratio: 10.3:1
Barra 195
The Barra 195 is the last version of the naturally aspirated I6 engine and is found in the FG/FG X Falcon and SZ Territory. Changes from its predecessor include a new plastic inlet manifold & throttle body (replacing the broadband manifold intake which originated in the naturally aspirated EF Falcon) and a redesigned cylinder head with 'Fast Burn' swirl changes to the inlet port. These changes achieved power and economy improvements over the Barra 190.[7][11] The engine also moved to a rear sump design to suit the new FG Falcon front sub-frame.[citation needed]
- Power: 195 kW (261 hp) at 6000 rpm
- Torque: 391 N⋅m (288 lb⋅ft) at 3250 rpm
- Compression Ratio: 10.3:1
Turbocharged Petrol
Barra 240T
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The Barra 240T engine is found in the BA Falcon XR6 Turbo, and was produced between late 2002 and mid 2005. It is similar to the naturally aspirated Barra 182, except it has different pistons to lower the compression ratio, a single Garrett GT3582R turbocharger, higher base fuel pressure, Inconel exhaust valves, red rocker cover, and an intercooler.[12][11]
- Power: 240 kW (322 hp) at 5250 rpm
- Torque: 450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) at 2000–4500 rpm
- Compression Ratio: 8.7:1
Barra 245T
The Barra 245 engine is found in the BF Falcon XR6 Turbo and the SY Territory Turbo, and was produced between mid 2005 and early 2008. It is internally very similar to its predecessor, with the 5 kW (7 hp) power increase found through the changes introduced by the Barra 190 (revised camshaft profiles and more powerful ECU, enabling dual independent VCT with an extra knock sensor). Aesthetically the engine is the same as the previous model, with the exception of the Territory Turbo using a black rocker cover and a top mounted intercooler. In May 2006, the engine received a minor internal upgrade which addressed concerns of bending connecting rod, by introducing stronger ones.[13][11][7]
- Power: 245 kW (329 hp) at 5250 rpm
- Torque: 480 N⋅m (354 lb⋅ft) at 2000–4500 rpm
- Compression Ratio: 8.9:1
Barra 270T (FPV)
The Barra 270T engine was used by Ford Performance Vehicles (FPV), in the BA and BF Falcon-based FPV F6 Typhoon and Tornado, and the SY Territory-based FPV F6X.[14] It was based on the Barra 240T/245T,[15] the increase in power is achieved through the use of improved pistons, larger intercooler, strengthened connecting rods and revised air intake.[16] It was produced between 2004 and 2009.[11]
- Power: 270 kW (362 hp) at 5250 rpm
- Torque: 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft) at 2000–4250 rpm
- Compression Ratio: 8.7:1
Barra 270T (FG)
The Barra 270T engine is found in the FG/FG X Falcon XR6 Turbo, and was produced between mid 2008 and late 2016. Although the power figures for the revised turbo engine mimic the old FPV turbo I6, the engines are quite different. It has a redesigned low-profile log style intake manifold, a smaller turbocharger which spools faster, a new intercooler, redesigned pistons to increase compression. The result is that the FG XR6 Turbo is faster than the FPV's BF Typhoon although they share the same power output. This engine introduces a transient overboost feature for a maximum of 10 seconds when optimal atmospheric conditions are met when under full throttle, which increases torque to a maximum of 586 N⋅m (432 lb⋅ft).[17][11][7]
- Power: 270 kW (362 hp) at 5250 rpm
- Torque: 533 N⋅m (393 lb⋅ft) at 2000–4750 rpm. Overboost: 586 N⋅m (432 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm
- Compression Ratio: 8.8:1
Barra 310T
The Barra 310T is found in the FG Falcon-based FPV F6. It is the high-power variant of the FG XR6 Turbo's Barra 270T. It was produced between mid 2008 and mid 2014, ending production when FPV shut down. Featuring a larger turbocharger and intercooler, different pistons to reduce compression, and larger injectors than its less powerful sibling (the FG Barra 270T), it was the first engine manufactured in Australia to produce more than 100 hp (75 kW) per litre, producing 310 kW (416 hp) at the flywheel.[11][7]
- Power: 310 kW (416 hp) at 5500 rpm
- Torque: 565 N⋅m (417 lb⋅ft) at 1950–5200 rpm
- Compression Ratio: 8.47:1
Barra 325T
The Barra 310T is found in the FG X XR6 Sprint, it is the final and most powerful variant of the Barra engine. This engine is the most powerful six cylinder produced in Australia and was built in very limited numbers, with only 500 for Australia and 50 for New Zealand (True production is 560, as 10 pre-production vehicles were built and auctioned off). Each engine had its own numbered build plaque attached to the rocker cover, which is painted in the same colour as the Territory Turbo rocker cover. The engine is based internally upon the Barra 270T, with extras added from the Barra 310T variant such as the turbo, intercooler and injectors. In an Australian first, Ford also employed a custom designed carbon fibre air intake which increased airflow by 45 percent. It was chosen to base the engine on the 270T instead of the 310T due to the increased compression ratio. The engine yet again employs Ford's overboost feature, which when the correct conditions are met will increase engine output to 370 kW (496 hp) and 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft).[18][11][7]
- Power: 325 kW (436 hp) at 6000 rpm. Overboost: 370 kW (496 hp)
- Torque: 576 N⋅m (425 lb⋅ft) at 2750 rpm. Overboost: 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft)
- Compression Ratio: 8.8:1
Internals
According to Ford Program Manager David Burn and Program Analyst Justin Capicchiano, there are differences in the internals between turbo models, however no forged internals have been used.[19]
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Barra E-Gas
The Barra E-Gas was launched in 2002, with the BA Falcon. It was a autogas (LPG) only engine.[9] It featured a Vialle carburetor system, without a LPG injector system.[11] In 2005, with the release of the BF Falcon the torque was raised from 372 N⋅m (274 lb⋅ft) to 374 N⋅m (276 lb⋅ft).[20] In the FG Falcon the durability of the engine was improved with revised seals and valves.[21]
- Power: 156 kW (209 hp) at 4750–5000 rpm
- Torque: 372–374 N⋅m (274–276 lb⋅ft) at 2750–3000 rpm
- Compression Ratio (BA E-Gas): 10.7:1
- Compression Ratio (BF / FG E-Gas): 10.3:1
Barra EcoLPi
The Barra EcoLPi was launched in 2011 in the FG Falcon, and replaced the E-Gas engine.[11] It features a liquid phase injection system.[22] In the FG X Falcon the anti-roll bars for the EcoLPI were revised.[23]
- Power: 198 kW (266 hp) at 5000 rpm
- Torque: 409 N⋅m (302 lb⋅ft) at 3250 rpm
- Compression Ratio: 12.0:1
Discontinuation
On 23 May 2013, Ford Australia confirmed that the Barra engine would be discontinued along with the Ford Falcon and Territory by October 2016. Ford Australia's engine manufacturing operations ceased on 26 September 2016 and car assembly on 7 October 2016. Ford Australia president Bob Graziano cited unprofitability due to high labour costs and dwindling market share for the demise of local manufacturing.[24]
Tuning community
In the years following the discontinuation of the Barra inline-six, it gained enormous popularity among tuners, and a common engine swap, as people believed the engine to be 'unbreakable', into X series Falcons, Australian Cortinas, Mustangs, Nissan Patrols and in the US in Shelby GTs. Components and conversion kits are available for numerous car models.
V8
| Ford Barra V8 | |
|---|---|
Ford Barra 220 V8 | |
| Layout | |
| Displacement | 5,408 cc (330.0 cu in) |
| Cylinder bore | 90.2 mm (3.55 in) |
| Piston stroke | 105.8 mm (4.17 in) |
| Cylinder block material | Cast iron |
| Cylinder head material | Aluminium |
| Valvetrain | SOHC 3 valves per cyl with VCT |
| Compression ratio | 10.3:1 |
| Combustion | |
| Fuel type | Unleaded |
| Output | |
| Power output | 220–230 kW (300–310 hp) |
| Torque output | 470–500 N⋅m (350–370 lb⋅ft) |
The Barra V8s were manufactured at the Essex Engine Plant in Windsor, Ontario,[25] and was based on the Ford Modular engine.[26] It had a displacement of 5.4 litres, and was SOHC with VCT incorporating 3 valves per cylinder. It was introduced in 2002 with the BA Falcon, and discontinued in 2008 with the release of the FG Falcon.[27]
The Falcon was the first vehicle to use Ford's 5.4-litre, 3-valve V8 variant of the Modular V8.[28]
Barra 220
The Barra 220 was an optional engine on the BA Falcon,[9] and standard for the Fairlane G220 and LTD.[29] It was produced between 2002 and 2005.[11]
- Power: 220 kW (295 hp) at 4750 rpm
- Torque: 470 N⋅m (347 lb⋅ft) from 3250 rpm
Barra 230
The Barra 230 was an optional engine on the BF Fairlane and Falcon, and standard for the Fairlane G8 and LTD.[25] It introduced a second knock sensor, more aggressive ignition calibration, and was made to comply with Euro III emissions standards.[30][31] It was in production from 2005 until 2008, with the release of the FG Falcon.[32][27]
- Power: 230 kW (308 hp) at 5350 rpm
- Torque: 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 3500 rpm