GD2

GD2 is a disialoganglioside expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin, including human neuroblastoma and melanoma, with highly restricted expression on normal tissues, principally to the cerebellum and peripheral nerves in humans.

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GD2

Names
IUPAC name (2R,4R,5S,6S)-2-[3-[(2S,3S,4R,6S)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(octadecanoylamino)octadec-4-enoxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3-amino-6-carboxy-4-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]-2,3-dihydroxypropoxy]-5-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid
Other names Ganglioside G2
Identifiers
CAS Number	[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=65988-71-8 ChemSpider ID: 4952955 65988-71-8 ChemSpider ID: 4952955] Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
PubChem CID	6450346
UNII	FUI2V09E1C Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID70893901
InChI InChI=1S/C74H134N4O32/c1-4-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-19-21-23-25-27-29-31-33-52(89)78-43(44(84)32-30-28-26-24-22-20-17-15-13-11-9-7-5-2)40-101-69-61(95)60(94)63(50(38-81)104-69)106-70-62(96)67(64(51(39-82)105-70)107-68-55(77-42(3)83)59(93)58(92)49(37-80)103-68)110-74(72(99)100)35-46(86)54(76)66(109-74)57(91)48(88)41-102-73(71(97)98)34-45(85)53(75)65(108-73)56(90)47(87)36-79/h30,32,43-51,53-70,79-82,84-88,90-96H,4-29,31,33-41,75-76H2,1-3H3,(H,77,83)(H,78,89)(H,97,98)(H,99,100)/b32-30+/t43?,44?,45-,46-,47?,48?,49-,50-,51-,53+,54+,55-,56?,57?,58+,59-,60-,61-,62-,63-,64+,65+,66+,67-,68+,69-,70+,73-,74+/m1/s1 Key: FFILOTSTFMXQJC-QCFYAKGBSA-N
SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(CO[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)O[C@@]4(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C(C(CO[C@@]5(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)C(C(CO)O)O)N)O)C(=O)O)O)O)N)O)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C(/C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCC)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C74H134N4O32
Molar mass	1591.882 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

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The relatively tumor-specific expression of GD2 makes it a suitable target for immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies or with artificial T cell receptors, Recently, GD2 has been explored as a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma using genetically engineered M13 bacteriophages. In this approach, the phages were modified to display an anti-GD2 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from the FDA-approved antibody Dinutuximab on their pIII coat protein. These engineered phages were further loaded with hundreds of photosensitizer molecules to enable selective delivery to GD2-positive neuroblastoma cells. Upon activation by laser light or ultrasound, the photosensitizers triggered precise and targeted killing of GD2-expressing tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo.^[1][2] An example of such antibodies is hu14.18K322A, a monoclonal antibody. This anti-GD2 antibody is currently undergoing a phase II clinical trial in the treatment of previously untreated high risk neuroblastoma given alongside combination chemotherapy prior to stem cell transplant and radiation therapy.^[3] A prior phase I clinical trial for patients with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma designed to decrease toxicity found safe dosage amounts and determined that common toxicities, particularly pain, could be well managed.^[4] The chimeric (murine-human) anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody ch14.18 is FDA-approved for the treatment of pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma and has been studied in patients with other GD2-expressing tumors.^[5]