Galik alphabet

Extension to the traditional Mongolian script From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Galik script (Mongolian: Али-гали үсэг, Ali-gali üseg) is an extension to the traditional Mongolian script. It was created in 1587 by the translator and scholar Ayuush Güüsh (Mongolian: Аюуш гүүш), inspired by the third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso. He added extra characters for transcribing Tibetan and Sanskrit terms when translating religious texts, and later also from Chinese. Some of those characters are still in use today for writing foreign names.[1]

Script type
CreatorAyuush Güüsh
Period
16th century
LanguagesMongolian, Tibetan, Sanskrit
Quick facts Galik Ali Gali, Script type ...
Galik
Ali Gali
Script type
CreatorAyuush Güüsh
Period
16th century
LanguagesMongolian, Tibetan, Sanskrit
Related scripts
Parent systems
Sister systems
Clear script
Vagindra script
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
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Twenty-One Hymns to the Rescuer Mother of Buddhas in four scripts: Tibetan, Manchu, Galik Mongolian, and Chinese
This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.

Some authors (particularly historic ones like Isaac Taylor in his The Alphabet: an account of the origin and development of letters, 1883) don't distinguish between the Galik and standard Mongolian alphabets.

Rendering

Not all computers or smart phones are designed to display all alphabets correctly. To ensure that most text in this script displays correctly in your browser, the text sample below should resemble its image counterpart. Additional notes on the affected characters and their desired components are provided in the tables further down. For relevant terminology, see Mongolian script § Components.
More information Reference image, Browser-rendered text ...
Reference imageBrowser-rendered textTransliteration
ᠾᠠ᠋᠎ᠠha‑a
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Letters

The order of the letters corresponds to the alphabetic order of Sanskrit.[2]: 28 

More information Mongol­ian script, Deva­nagari script ...
Vowels[3]: 61–63, 241–243 [2]: 26–28 [4]: 233 [1]: 37 
Mongol­ian script[note 1] Deva­nagari script IAST Tibetan script Wylie (EWTS)[note 2]
ᠠ᠋ a अ a ཨ a
ᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ a‑a
[note 3]		 आ / ा ā ཨཱ A
ᠢ i इ / ि i ཨི i
ᠢᠢ ii ई / ी ī ཨཱི I
⟨ᠦ᠋⟩ उ / ु u ཨུ u
⟨ᠤᠦ⟩ ऊ / ू ū ཨཱུ U
ᠷᠢ ri ऋ / ृ ṛ རྀ r-i
ᠷᠢᠢ rii ॠ / ॄ ṝ རཱྀ r-I
ᠯᠢ li ऌ / ॢ ḷ ལྀ l-i
ᠯᠢᠢ lii ॡ / ॣ ḹ ལཱྀ l-I
ᠧ ē/é ए / े e ཨེ e
ᠧᠧ ēē/éé ऐ / ै ai ཨཻ ai
⟨ᠣᠸᠠ⟩ ओ / ो o ཨོ o
⟨ᠣᠸᠸᠠ⟩
[note 4]		 औ / ौ au ཨཽ au
ᢀ᠋ᠠ᠋ अं aṃ ཨཾ aM
ᠠ᠋ᢁ अः aḥ ཨཿ aH
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More information Mongol­ian script, Deva­nagari ...
Consonants[3]: 64–69, 189–194, 244–255 [2]: 26–28 [4]: 234–239 [1]: 37 
Mongol­ian script[note 1][note 5] Deva­nagari IAST Tibetan Wylie (EWTS)
ᢉᠠ क ka ཀ ka
ᢉᠠ / ᠻᠠ ka/kha ख kha ཁ kha
ᠺᠠ ga/ka ग ga ག ga
ᠺᠾᠠ᠋ gha/kha घ gha གྷ g+ha
⟨ᠡᠭᠡ⟩ / ᢊᠠ᠋ / ᢊᢇ ङ ṅa ང nga
ᡔᠠ᠋ / ᠴᠠ᠋ — — ཅ ca
ᡓᠠ᠋ / ᢋᠠ᠋ / ᢖᠠ᠋ / ᠽᠠ᠋ च ca ཙ tsa
ᠴᠠ᠋ ča — — ཆ cha
ᠼᠠ᠋ ca छ cha ཚ tsha
ᡔᠠ᠋ / ᢋᠠ᠋ — — ཇ ja
⟨ᢋᠠ᠋ ~ ᢖᠠ᠋⟩? / ᠽᠠ᠋ ज ja ཛ dza
⟨ᢋᠾᠠ᠋ ~ ᢖᠾᠠ᠋⟩? / ᠽᠾᠠ᠋ झ jha ཛྷ dz+ha
ᡛᠠ᠋ ञ ña ཉ nya
ᢌᠠ᠋ ट ṭa ཊ Ta
⟨ᡂᠠ᠋⟩ / ᢍᠠ᠋ ठ ṭha ཋ Tha
ᢎᠠ᠋ ड ḍa ཌ Da
ᢎᠾᠠ᠋ ढ ḍha ཌྷ D+ha
ᢏᠠ᠋ ण ṇa ཎ Na
⟨ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠋⟩ / ᢐᠠ᠋ त ta ཏ ta
ᠲᠠ᠋ ta थ tha ཐ tha
ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠋ da / ᢑᠠ᠋ द da ད da
ᠳ᠋ᠾᠠ᠋ dha / ᢑᠾᠠ᠋ ध dha དྷ d+ha
ᠨ᠋ᠠ᠋/ᠨᠠ᠋ na न na ན na
ᢒᠠ प pa པ pa
ᠪᠠ ba / ᠹᠠ fa / ᢓᠠ फ pha ཕ pha
ᠪᠠ ba ब ba བ ba
ᠪᠾᠠ᠋ bha भ bha བྷ b+ha
ᠮᠠ᠋ ma म ma མ ma
ᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋/ᠶᠠ᠋ ya य ya ཡ ya
ᠷᠠ᠋ ra र ra ར ra
ᠯᠠ᠋ la ल la ལ la
ᡀᠠ᠋ lha — — ལྷ lha
ᠸᠠ᠋ wa/va व va ཝ wa
ᢕᠠ᠋ — — ཞ zha
⟨ᠰ᠋ᠠ᠋⟩ / ᠱᠠ᠋ ša श śa ཤ sha
ᢔᠠ᠋ ष ṣa ཥ Sha
ᠰᠠ᠋ sa स sa ས sa
ᠾᠠ᠋ ha ह ha ཧ ha
ᢖᠠ᠋? / ⟨ᢋᠠ᠋ ~ ᢖᠠ᠋⟩? — — ཟ za
ᢗᠠ᠋ — — འ 'a
ᢉᢔᠠ᠋ क्ष kṣa ཀྵ k+Sha
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Symbols and diacritics

More information Forms, Name ...
Symbols and diacritics[3]: 63, 131, 133, 135 
Forms Name Examples
Mongolian Tibetan equivalent
ᢀ Anusvara One ᢀᠠ᠋ ཨྃ
ᢀ᠋
ᢁ Visarga One ᠠ᠋ᢁ ཨཿ
ᢁ᠋
ᢂ Damaru ᢂᠻᠠ ྈྑ
ᢃ Ubadama ᢃᠹᠠ ྌྥ
ᢄ ᢄᠹᠠ ྉྥ
ᢅ Baluda ᢉᢅᠣᠸᠸᠠ[note 6] ཀཽ྅
ᢆ Three Baluda ᢉᢆᠣᠸᠸᠠ[note 7] ཀཽ྅྅྅
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See also

Notes

  1. [1]
    Scholarly/Scientific transliteration.[5]
  2. [2]
    THL Extended Wylie Transliteration Scheme – THL Extended Wylie Transliteration Scheme | Mandala Collections - Texts
  3. [3]
    For correct rendering, this should appear as a short tooth (ᠡ‍) + one connected, and one separated left-pointing tail (both ).
  4. [4]
    For correct rendering, this should appear as a short tooth (ᠡ‍) + loop (‍ᠤ‍) + two long teeth with downturns (‍ᠧ‍) + a final with right-pointing tail (‍ᠡ).
  5. [5]
    For correct rendering, all these final a's should appear as connected and left-pointing tails (). A's directly preceded by any of the bow-shaped letters k, kh, g, p, ph, and b should also include a tooth in between.
  6. [6]
    For correct rendering, this should appear as a right-side diacritic.
  7. [7]
    For correct rendering, this should appear as a right-side diacritic.

References

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