Gogolin Formation
Town in Opole Voivodeship, Poland
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Gogolin Formation – Triassic geologic formation, hitherto named the Gogolin Beds,[2][3] is the lowermost lithostratigraphical unit of the Lower Muschelkalk in the Silesian-Cracow Upland (S Poland, Central Europe), underlain by the Upper Buntsandstein (Lower Triassic) carbonates and overlain by the Górażdże Formation (Middle Triassic) carbonates.[4][5]
| System | Series | Stage | Age (Ma) | European lithostratigraphy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jurassic | Lower | Hettangian | younger | Lias |
| Triassic | Upper | Rhaetian | 201.4–208.5 | |
| Keuper | ||||
| Norian | 208.5–227.0 | |||
| Carnian | 227.0–237.0 | |||
| Middle | Ladinian | 237.0–242.0 | ||
| Muschelkalk | ||||
| Anisian | 242.0–247.2 | |||
| Bunter or Buntsandstein | ||||
| Lower | Olenekian | 247.2–251.2 | ||
| Induan | 251.2–251.9 | |||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | older | |
| Zechstein | ||||
| Major lithostratigraphic units of northwest Europe with the ICS's geologic timescale of the Triassic.[1] | ||||
Name
Historical name coming from Gogolin, a small town in south Poland, where the Gogolin Formation was described for the first time, and where the main stratotypes have been exposed (see section Stratotypes).[4]
Gogolin | |
|---|---|
Town | |
  Gogolin | |
| Coordinates: 50°29′N 18°02′E | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Opole |
| County | Krapkowice |
| Gmina | Gogolin |
Age
Rocks
The formation is built of various carbonates which were deposited on a carbonate ramp.[4][8]
Subdivision
This Formation has recently been divided into four members, six beds, and two horizons:[4][5]
- Zakrzów Crinoidal Limestone Member, which includes: a) Krapkowice Pelitic Limestone Bed – thin-bedded, wavy bedded and marly micritic limestones, b) Dąbrówka Bioclastic Limestone Bed – thick- to medium-bedded, cross-bedded crinoidal limestones, c) Podbór Bioclastic Limestone Bed – thin- to medium-bedded, graded, horizontally and cross-bedded bioclastic limestones and wavy-bedded micritic limestones;
- The Skała Marl Member – marls interbedded with micritic and bioclastic limestones; the lowermost part of this member is locally built of broken-up limestone beds and lumps which are covered by an intraformational conglomerate with small intraclasts – they are divided as Kocina Intraformational Conglomerate Bed;
- The Emilówka Cellular Limestone Member, which includes: a) Karłubiec Bioclastic Limestone Bed – massive, cross-bedded, thin- to medium-bedded bioclastic and micritic limestones, b) Otmęt Marly Limestone Bed – strongly porous, thin-bedded marly limestones that are, in fact, dedolomitized dolomites;
- Odrowąż marly limestone horizon – marls, thin- to medium-bedded, graded, cross-bedded and horizontally bedded bioclastic limestones and thin layers of platy and wavy bedded micritic limestones;
- Malnia limestone horizon – thin- to medium-bedded, graded, horizontally and cross-bedded bioclastic limestones, thin-bedded, platy and wavy-bedded micritic limestones;
- Ligota Hill Wavy-Bedded Limestone Member – wavy-bedded and crumpled micritic limestones intercalated with medium- to thin-bedded, graded, cross- and horizontally bedded, bioclastic limestones.
Stratotypes
Stratotypes are located at Gogolin and its vicinity, Błotnica Strzelecka and Ligota Dolna (southern Poland).[4][5]