Guowang
Planned Chinese satellite internet megaconstellation
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Guowang (Chinese: 国网; pinyin: Guówǎng; lit. 'national network'),[1] officially Satellite Internet Series Satellites (Chinese: 卫星互联网系列卫星; pinyin: Wèixīng hùliánwǎng xìliè wèixīng)[2] is a Chinese low-Earth orbit satellite internet megaconstellation to create a system of worldwide internet coverage. It was created by China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), a state-owned enterprise backed by the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST). The project was started in 2022 as a rival to the Starlink satellite constellation installed by SpaceX, and plans to be constituted of over 13,000 satellites by the project's end.
Around 6,000 of the planned satellites are expected to orbit between 500 and 600 km, comparable to Starlink, and around 7,000 in a higher orbit at around 1,145 km.[3] All satellites launched so far have been placed in the higher orbits, in 2 shells, one with inclination of 86.5° at 1.175 km and a second with 50.0° inclination at 1.156 km.
As of October 2025, the program has launched 18 experimental series (术试验系列; jìshù shìyàn) satellites,[4] 3 high Earth orbit satellites (高轨; gāoguǐ) and 154 low Earth orbit (低轨; dīguǐ) satellites.[5] The megaconstellation is managed by China SatNet and is believed to have both civilian and military applications.[6]
Satellites launch statistics
Operational LEO satellites launched
- Launch failure
- Launch success
- Planned
Other related satellites launched
- Launch failure
- Launch success
- Planned
List of launches
Operational LEO satellites
| Name & group of satellites | Number of satellites | Launch (UTC) | Orbit | Mean altitude | Inclination | Launch site | Launcher | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hulianwang 1–10 (SatNet LEO Group 01)[7] | 10 | 16 December 2024 10:00 |
Polar | 1,175 km | 86.5° [8] | WSLS LC-1 | Long March 5B / YZ-2 Y6 |
Success |
| Hulianwang 11–19 (SatNet LEO Group 02)[9] | 9 | 11 February 2025 09:30 |
LEO | 1,156 km | 50.0° [10] | WSLS LC-2 | Long March 8A Y1 |
Success |
| Hulianwang 20–29 (SatNet LEO Group 03)[11] | 10 | 28 April 2025 20:10 |
Polar | 1,175 km | 86.5° [12] | WSLS LC-1 | Long March 5B / YZ-2 Y7 |
Success |
| Hulianwang 30–34 (SatNet LEO Group 04)[13] | 5 | 6 June 2025 20:45 |
Polar | 1,175 km | 86.5° [14] | Taiyuan LA-9A | Long March 6A Y8 |
Success |
| Hulianwang 35–39 (SatNet LEO Group 05)[15] | 5 | 27 July 2025 10:04 |
Polar | 1,175 km | 86.5° [16] | Taiyuan LA-9A | Long March 6A Y14 |
Success |
| Hulianwang 40–48 (SatNet LEO Group 06)[17][18] | 9 | 30 July 2025 07:49 |
LEO | 1,156 km | 50.0° [19] | WCSLS LC-1 | Long March 8A Y3 |
Success |
| Hulianwang 49–57 (SatNet LEO Group 07)[20] | 9 | 4 August 2025 10:21 |
LEO | 1,156 km | 50.0° [21] | WCSLS LC-2 | Long March 12 Y2 |
Success |
| Hulianwang 58–67 (SatNet LEO Group 08)[22] | 10 | 13 August 2025 06:00 |
Polar | 1,175 km | 86.5° [23] | WSLS LC-1 | Long March 5B / YZ-2 Y8 |
Success |
| Hulianwang 68–72 (SatNet LEO Group 09)[24] | 5 | 17 August 2025 14:15 |
Polar | 1,175 km | 86.5° [25] | Taiyuan LA-9A | Long March 6A Y10 |
Success |
| Hulianwang 73–81 (SatNet LEO Group 10)[26] | 9 | 25 August 2025 19:08 |
LEO | 1,156 km | 50.0° | WCSLS LC-1 | Long March 8A Y2 |
Success |
| Hulianwang 82–86 (SatNet LEO Group 11)[27] | 5 | 27 September 2025 |
Polar | 1,175 km | 86.5° | Taiyuan LA-9A | Long March 6A Y16 |
Success |
| Hulianwang 87–95 (SatNet LEO Group 12)[28] | 9 | 16 October 2025 01:30 |
LEO | 1,124 km | 50.0° | WCSLS LC-1 | Long March 8A Y4 | Success |
| Hulianwang 96–104 (SatNet LEO Group 13) | 9 | 10 November 2025 02:41 |
LEO | 833 km | 50.0° | WCSLS LC-2 | Long March 12 Y3 | Success |
| Hulianwang 105–113 (SatNet LEO Group 14) | 9 | 6 December 2025 07:53 |
LEO | 882 km | 50.0° | WCSLS LC-1 | Long March 8A Y5 | Success |
| Hulianwang 114–118 (SatNet LEO Group 15) | 5 | 8 December 2025 10:11 |
Polar | 1,010 km | 86.5° [29] | TSLC LC-9A | Long March 6A | Success |
| Hulianwang 119–127 (SatNet LEO Group 16) | 9 | 11 December 2025 23:00 |
LEO | WCSLS LC-2 | Long March 12 Y4 | Success | ||
| Hulianwang 128–136 (SatNet LEO Group 17) | 9 | 25 December 2025 23:26 |
LEO | WCSLS LC-1 | Long March 8A Y6 | Success | ||
| Hulianwang 137–145 (SatNet LEO Group 18) | 9 | 13 January 2026 15:25 |
LEO | WCSLS LC-1 | Long March 8A Y7 | Success | ||
| Hulianwang 146–154 (SatNet LEO Group 19) | 9 | 19 January 2026 07:48 |
LEO | WCSLS LC-2 | Long March 12 Y5 | Success | ||
| Hulianwang 155–163 (SatNet LEO Group 20) | 9 | 12 March 2026 19:48 |
LEO | WCSLS LC-1 | Long March 8A Y? | Success |
Other related launches
| Name | Number of Satellites | Launch (UTC) | Orbit | Mean altitude | Inclination | Launch site | Launcher | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 1A, B[30] | 2 | 9 July 2023 11:00 |
LEO | JSLC SLS-2 | Long March 2C / YZ-1S Y52 |
Success | ||
| Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 2A, B, C[31] | 3 | 23 November 2023 10:00 |
LEO | XSLC LC-3 | Long March 2D / YZ-3 Y59 |
Success | ||
| Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 3A[32] | 1 | 5 December 2023 19:24 |
LEO | Bo Run Jiu Zhou platform, Yellow Sea | Jielong 3 Y2 |
Success | ||
| Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 4A, B, C[33] | 3 | 30 December 2023 00:13 |
LEO | JSLC SLS-2 | Long March 2C / YZ-1S Y73 |
Success | ||
| Hulianwang Gaogui 01[34] | 1 | 29 February 2024 13:03 |
GEO | XSLC LC-2 | Long March 3B/E Y95 |
Success | ||
| Hulianwang Gaogui 02[35] | 1 | 1 August 2024 13:14 |
GEO | XSLC LC-2 | Long March 3B/E Y97 |
Success | ||
| Hulianwang Gaogui 03[36] | 1 | 10 October 2024 13:50 |
GEO | XSLC LC-2 | Long March 3B/E Y100 |
Success | ||
| Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 5A[37] | 1 | 30 November 2024 14:25 |
LEO | WCSLS LC-2 | Long March 12 Y1 |
Success | ||
| Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 6A, B, C, D[38] | 4 | 1 April 2025 04:00 |
LEO | JSLC SLS-2 | Long March 2D Y78 |
Success | ||
| Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan × 4 [39][note 1] | 4 | 15 August 2025 01:17 |
LEO | JSLC LS-96 | Zhuque-2E Y3 |
Launch Failure | ||
| Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 7A, B, C, D [40] | 4 | 16 September 2025 01:00 |
LEO | JSLC SLS-2 | Long March 2C/YZ-1S Y87 |
Success | ||
See also
Notes
- The payload of the failed launch is not known, one of the 2 leading theories is that it was 4 Hulianwang experimental satellites