HH70
Fusion reactor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
HH70 is a tokamak developed by the Chinese fusion energy company Energy Singularity in operation since June 2024. The reactor is notable for being the first tokamak to employ high-temperature superconductors exclusively for its magnet system.
| Honghuang 70 | |
|---|---|
| Device type | Tokamak |
| Location | China |
| Affiliation | Energy Singularity |
| Technical specifications | |
| Major radius | 0.75 m[1] |
| Minor radius | 0.31 m[1] |
| Magnetic field | 0.6 T[1] |
| History | |
| Year(s) of operation | 2024–present |
| HH70 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 洪荒70 | ||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | hónghuāng 70 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Primeval Chaos 70 | ||||||
| |||||||
History
Energy Singularity was established in June 2021. The design work on the HH70 reactor began in March 2022. HH70 was conceived to be smaller and more cost-effective than conventional tokamaks by using high-temperature superconductors.[2] The installation was completed in February 2024 and first plasma was achieved in June 2024.[3] Energy Singularity already begun planning for a successor, the H170, which aims to achieve a fusion energy gain factor (Q) greater than 10 by 2027.[4]
Technology
Unlike earlier tokamaks such as the Joint European Torus or the planned ITER, HH70's magnet system is built entirely with high-temperature superconductors. The choice of ReBCO as material for its superconductors significantly reduces the reactor's required volume.[2] A similar approach is being pursued by Commonwealth Fusion Systems with SPARC. The successful achievement of first plasma of HH70 in 2024 has been interpreted as evidence of a first-mover advantage for China in a critical field of fusion energy.[5] In late 2024, a toroidal magnetic field exceeding 1 tesla was achieved.[6]