Haman Formation
Early Cretaceous geological formation in South Korea
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The Haman Formation (Korean: 함안층; Hanja: 咸安層; RR: Ham-an-cheung) is a Cretaceous geological formation in South Korea. It is dated to the Albian-Cenomanian stages, between 105.4 ± 0.4 Ma and 95.7 ± 0.6 Ma.[1][2] The deposit is known for its tracks, including those of dinosaurs,[3][4] pterosaurs and birds.[5][6][7] It overlies the Silla Conglomerate which overlies the Chilgok Formation. It is laterally equivalent to the Sagog Formation.[8]
| Haman Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Albian-Cenomanian ~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Hayang Group |
| Underlies | Jindong & Banyawol Formations |
| Overlies | Silla Conglomerate, Hagbong volcanics |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone |
| Other | Siltstone, shale |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 35.8°N 128.8°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 44.4°N 125.2°E |
| Region | Gyeongsangnam-do |
| Country | South Korea |
| Extent | Gyeongsang Basin |
  Haman Formation (South Korea) | |
Vertebrate paleofauna
Fossil pterosaur, theropod, sauropod and ornithopod tracks have been recovered from this formation. Some scratch marks made by theropod tracemakers show signs of avian-like courtship display behavior.[9] Dinosaur skin impressions have also been found in this formation.[10][11]
Ichnofossils
| Ichnofossils of the Haman Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ichnogenus | Ichnospecies | Region[12] | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Pteraichnus[5][13] | P. isp. | Namhae | Pterosaur track, showing swimming traces.[12] Haman specimens housed at Korea National University of Education, Cheongwongun, South Korea.[13] | |||
| Dromaeosauripus | D. hamanensis[4] | Namhae | Dromaeosaur track, belonging to a 70 cm (28 in) tall individual. | |||
| Neosauroides[14] | N. koreanensis | Lizard trackway | ||||
| Koreanaornis | K. hamanensis | Haman and Jinju | Bird track; the first vertebrate ichnotaxon reported from South Korea.[15] | |||
| Caririchnium | C. isp. | Juvenile ornithopod tracks, belonging to either derived iguanodonts or basal hadrosauroids. The trackmakers' hip heights are estimated between 76.4 and 102.1 cm (30.1 and 40.2 in).[16] | ||||
| Minisauripus | M. cf. zhenshuonani or M. cf. chuanzhuensis[17] | Namhae | One of the smallest known theropod tracks. | |||
| Ignotornis | Namhae (I. yangi) and Jinju (I. gajinensis) | The oldest known web-footed bird tracks. I. gajinensis shows feeding traces.[12] | ||||
| Brontopodus[3] | B. birdi | Namhae | Sauropod tracks[12] | |||
| Gyeongsangsauropus[18] | G. pentadactylus | Jinju | Sauropod tracks,[12] previously assigned to the ichnogenus Brontopodus | |||
| Batrachopus | B. cf. grandis | Namhae | B. grandis is the archosaur track made by either a bipedal crocodylomorph or therizinosaur.[19] Specimen from Haman Formation was originally assigned to pterosaur trackway ichnotaxon Haenamichnus gainensis.[20] | |||
| Grallator[21] | Sacheon | Theropod track | ||||