Haplogroup O-M268
Y-chromosome DNA Haplogroup O1b (formerly O2)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Haplogroup O-M268 (former name) is a Y-DNA that descends from O1 (O-F265), however, it is now referred to as O1b.
33,181 [95% CI 36,879 <-> 24,461] ybp[2]
30,100 [95% CI 27,800 <-> 32,400] ybp[3]
| Haplogroup O-M268 | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 34,100 or 29,200 ybp[1] 33,181 [95% CI 36,879 <-> 24,461] ybp[2] 30,100 [95% CI 27,800 <-> 32,400] ybp[3] |
| Coalescence age | 31,108 [95% CI 34,893 <-> 22,844] ybp[2] |
| Possible place of origin | Southeast Asia or East Asia[3] |
| Ancestor | O1 (O-F265) |
| Descendants | O1b1 (K18), O1b2 (P49) |
| Defining mutations | P31, M268, L690/F167, F256/M1341, Y9038/FGC19644, L463/F330, M1461, F138, Y9317, FGC55566, F292/M1363, CTS4164, CTS6713/M1396, CTS5785/M1377, F435/M1417, F516, M1455 |
| Highest frequencies | Austroasiatic-speaking peoples, Tai peoples, Hlai, Balinese, Javanese, Japanese, Ryukyuans, Koreans, Malagasy |
Origin
The authors of a study published in 2011 have suggested China as being the early birthplace of O1b.[4]
Other studies suggest a complex origin that is inconclusive because of rising seawater to the east of China (which may have been a walkable land mass).
Despite such studies, descendants of O1b suggest two primary migration paths from Southeast China:
- Korea & Japan
- Southeast Asia
This suggestion aims to draw an intersection to support the theory of both migration paths being in opposite spectrums geographically in East Asia.
There has also been recent suggestions that Korea plays a major role in the origin of O1b.
Distribution
O1b is distributed with varying frequencies among these populations:
- Japanese
- Koreans
- Chinese
- Southeast Asians
As of right now, it is inconclusive as to what frequency pertains to each population due to lack of accurate data.
Specific descendants (subclades) of O1b can be found at YFULL and ISOGG.
The two primary descendants are:
- O1b1
- O1b2
Phylogenetics
Phylogenetic History
Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.
| YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) | (α) | (β) | (γ) | (δ) | (ε) | (ζ) | (η) | YCC 2002 (Longhand) | YCC 2005 (Longhand) | YCC 2008 (Longhand) | YCC 2010r (Longhand) | ISOGG 2006 | ISOGG 2007 | ISOGG 2008 | ISOGG 2009 | ISOGG 2010 | ISOGG 2011 | ISOGG 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-M175 | 26 | VII | 1U | 28 | Eu16 | H9 | I | O* | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O |
| O-M119 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H9 | H | O1* | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a |
| O-M101 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H9 | H | O1a | O1a1 | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1 | O1a1 | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a |
| O-M50 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H10 | H | O1b | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 |
| O-P31 | 26 | VII | 1U | 33 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2* | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 |
| O-M95 | 26 | VII | 1U | 34 | Eu16 | H11 | G | O2a* | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a1 | O2a1 |
| O-M88 | 26 | VII | 1U | 34 | Eu16 | H12 | G | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1a | O2a1a |
| O-SRY465 | 20 | VII | 1U | 35 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2b* | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b |
| O-47z | 5 | VII | 1U | 26 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2b1 | O2b1a | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1a | O2b1a | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 |
| O-M122 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3* | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 |
| O-M121 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3a | O3a | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1a | O3a1a |
| O-M164 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3b | O3b | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a1b | O3a1b |
| O-M159 | 13 | VII | 1U | 31 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3c | O3c | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3 | O3a3 | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a |
| O-M7 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H7 | L | O3d* | O3c | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a4 | O3a4 | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a2b | O3a2b |
| O-M113 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H7 | L | O3d1 | O3c1 | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | - | O3a4a | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | O3a2b1 | O3a2b1 |
| O-M134 | 26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e* | O3d | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a5 | O3a5 | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a2c1 | O3a2c1 |
| O-M117 | 26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e1* | O3d1 | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a5a | O3a5a | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a2c1a | O3a2c1a |
| O-M162 | 26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e1a | O3d1a | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a5a1 | O3a5a1 | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a2c1a1 | O3a2c1a1 |
Original Research Publications
The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.
Phylogenetic Trees
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup O subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree (Karafet 2008) and subsequent published research.
- O-P31 (P31, M268)
- O-K18
- O-CTS4040 Mainly found in Han Chinese and occasionally found in Chinese (Dai), Manchu, Thailand (Phuan, Tai Yuan, Thai), Vietnam, the Philippines, West Kalimantan, Qatar, Hazara, Japan, Korea; accounts for approximately 3.20% of all Y-DNA in present-day China[5]
- O-MF56251 Found in Thailand (Central Thai, Tai Yuan, Phuan), Vietnam (Nùng, Tày), and southern China (Yao, Zhuang, and Han in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Sichuan, and Jiangsu)
- O-Page59 Found in approximately 3.10% of all males in present-day China, with some presence also in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and other countries[6]
- O-CTS9996 Found in approximately 0.37% of all males in present-day China[7]
- O-Z24309
- O-F417
- O-F4070 Found in approximately 2.20% of all males in present-day China[10]
- O-MF106398
- O-F993
- O-MF107014
- O-MF61620
- O-F1759
- O-MF106881
- O-CTS4936
- O-F3346
- O-MF17816
- O-F2064
- O-F3314
- O-Z24380
- O-F3323 Found in approximately 2.00% of all males in present-day China, with especially dense distribution in Taiwan, Shandong, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Jiangsu[11]
- O-Z24380
- O-F3314
- O-F3346
- O-PK4
- O-F838 Found in Han Chinese[4][12] and in a specimen from medieval South Kazakhstan ascribed to the Turks;[13] probably also present in Thailand (Kaleun, Phuan, Thai),[14] Hanoi,[12] Ambon,[12] Ayeyarwady Region,[15] and Xinlong County[16]
- O-M95 (M95)
- O-CTS350
- O-CTS350* Found in Japan
- O-CTS10007 Found in Han Chinese in Hunan
- O-M1310
- O-F1252
- O-SK1630/F5504 China (Shaanxi),[3] Russia (Ryazan Oblast)[3]
- O-SK1636
- O-F2924
- O-CTS5854 Found in China (Han, Dai), Laos, Thailand, Japan, and the Philippines
- O-M88 (M88, M111) Found in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, China (Dai, Buyi, Zhuang, Li, Shui, She, Miao, Yao, De'ang, Bulang, Qiang, Tujia, Lisu, Achang, Nu, Lahu, Jinuo, Hani, Yi, Bai, Han), Taiwan (Han, Bunun, Yami), Java, Borneo, Malaysia, the Philippines
- O-SK1630/F5504 China (Shaanxi),[3] Russia (Ryazan Oblast)[3]
- O-F789/M1283 Found in China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Singapore (Malay),[17] Indonesia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Bhutan,[18] Bangladesh, and India
- O-F1252
- O-CTS350
- O-CTS4040 Mainly found in Han Chinese and occasionally found in Chinese (Dai), Manchu, Thailand (Phuan, Tai Yuan, Thai), Vietnam, the Philippines, West Kalimantan, Qatar, Hazara, Japan, Korea; accounts for approximately 3.20% of all Y-DNA in present-day China[5]
- O-P49 (M176, SRY465, P49, 022454) Japan,[19] South Korea,[19] China,[19] Mongolia,[19] Vietnam,[19] Micronesia[19]
- O-P49*(xPage92) Japan, South Korea
- O-Page92
- O-Page90 Japan (Hiroshima), Jilin[3]
- O-CTS9259
- O-CTS562 Beijing (Han),[3] South Korea,[20] Japan (Fukushima)[3]
- O-K10/F1204
- O-K10* Japan (Tokyo[3])
- O-CTS10687 Japan,[19] Mongolia[19]
- O-K7/CTS11723/47z Found in approximately 24% of Japanese males and with lower frequency in Korea and China
- O-K4
- O-K3/F940 Hunan (Han), Jiangxi, Henan (Han)
- O-L682 Found in approximately 19% of South Korean males[21] and with lower frequency in Japan and China
- O-K18
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