Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref too many keys
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This page will help you to fix the cite error message:
Cite error: Unknown parameter "$1" in <ref> tag; supported parameters are $2 (see the help page).
- If you have read this help page and find something missing or confusing, please discuss it at the main talk page.
- Please reference this page and the page where you have the problem so we can understand your issues.
- For basic information on the footnotes system, see Referencing for beginners; for advanced help, see Footnotes.
 | This help page is a how-to guide. It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of Wikipedia's policies or guidelines, and may reflect varying levels of consensus. |
Overview
A footnote used multiple times may be defined with a name:
<ref name="foo">content</ref>
Any footnote can be assigned to a group:
<ref group="foobar">content</ref>
Or both:
<ref group="foobar" name="foo">content</ref>
Names for footnotes and groups must follow these rules:
Names are case-sensitive. Please do not use raNdOM capitalization.
Names must not be purely numeric; the software will accept something like ":31337" (which is punctuation plus a number), but it will ignore "31337" (purely numeric).
Names should have semantic value, so that they can be more easily distinguished from each other by human editors who are looking at the wikitext. This means that ref names like "Nguyen 2010" are preferred to names like ":31337".
Names must be unique. You may not use the same name to define different groups or footnotes. Try to avoid picking a name that someone else is likely to choose for a new citation, such as ":0" or "NYT".
Please consider keeping reference names short, simple, and restricted to the standard English alphabet and numerals. If spaces are used, the following technical restrictions become relevant:
- Quotation marks are preferred but optional if the only characters used are letters
A–Z,a–z, digits0–9, and the symbols!$%&()*,-.:;<@[]^_`{|}~. That is, all printable ASCII characters except#"'/=>?and space. - Inclusion of any other characters, including spaces, requires that the reference name be enclosed in quotes; for example,
name="John Smith". But quote-enclosed reference names may not include a less-than sign (<) or a double straight quote symbol ("), which may, however, be included by escaping as<and"respectively. - The quote marks must be the standard, straight, double quotation marks (
"); curly or other quotes will be parsed as part of the reference name.
- Quotation marks are preferred but optional if the only characters used are letters
You may optionally provide reference names even when the reference name is not required. This makes later re-use of the sourced reference easier. Translate
Issues and resolutions
A named reference tag can't have too many names or parameters. If more than one "name" parameter is specified in a <ref>...</ref> tag, then only the last value will be used. This error is caused by using an unsupported parameter for <ref>...</ref> tags. Supported parameters are dir, follow, group, and name.
Forgetting quotation marks around a name containing one or more spaces
A quoteless, multiple-word name such as foo bar will be parsed as two separate names due to the space, thus generating the error.
Also, you can only specify two parameters: name and group. You can't, for instance, format a reference with <ref style="color:red;">content</ref>, or give it an id.
A good, quick solution that is likely to work is to add double quotes around the entire name. For example, replace:
name=foo bar(interpreted asname=fooand the unrecognized parameter "bar")
with:
name="foo bar"
Forgetting name=
Forgetting name= can also cause this error.
Although name= is mentioned throughout this help page, when troubleshooting this error, it's easy to focus on searching for problems with the name while forgetting to make sure name= is there. This is especially true when editing on the mobile version of Wikipedia, since the editing tools are scaled down to improve performance, so you can't just click on the correct code under the edit window.
Remember, to use any troubleshooting help page successfully, double-check any error-causing wikitext against every single piece of the example code.
Attempting to create a note
You might be trying to create a reference in the "note" group. That is, a reference displayed in the Notes section instead of the regular References section.
In other words, you might be here because you attempted something like <ref notes>Insert a note here</ref> to achieve <ref name="notes">Insert a note here</ref>. Doing so leads to the error message discussed here.
The solution is to instead use the {{efn}} template: {{efn|Insert a note here}}.