Help:IPA/Nahuatl

Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Nahuatl From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Nahuatl pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Distinction is made between Classical Nahuatl (nci; the one used in colonial times), Huasteca Nahuatl (nhe; the most spoken variant) and Orizaba Nahuatl (nlv; the second most spoken), which are the main Nahuan languages, so this pronunciation guide is based on the phonology of the three. Neither variant is preferred at Wikipedia, except in cases where a pronunciation is clearly more relevant, such as an individual in the Aztec Empire or a town in La Huasteca.

More information Consonants, IPA ...
Consonants[1]
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
nci nhe nlv
ʔ[2] h[3] tlahtōlli, ahki, ehēkatl, ihīya nci: uh-oh

nhe & nlv: ahead

j yāōtl, yōllōtl, āmēyalli yellow
k[4] h[5] k[6] tikchīwah, niknōtsas nci & nlv: scan

nhe: ahead

k[7] kōlōtl, kalli, kēski, ātōyāk scan
[8] k[9] kwtli, nekwtli nci: squall

nhe & nlv: scan

[10] kwalli, mokwi, kwetlaxtli squall
l[11] lichīnia, alaxox, pīwilia clear l as in leave
ɬ[12] mātlālki, nokal, ahkwallākatl Welsh llwyd
m mistli, kōmitl, kwamekatl man
n[13] nāntsin, nemi, kanah nose
[14] ŋ[15] inōn, tlālpan, Āmatitlan nci: Welsh fy nhad

nlv: sing

ŋ[16] kenke, tlanki, Tōllāntsinko sing
p[17] pitsotl, nopa, wīptla span
sōlin, tlasalōlli, mōstla sack
ʃ xowitl, kaxitl, xāmitl, Xālīxko shoe
t[18] tīsatl, tlākatki, moīxtēnoh stand
t͡ɬ[19] tlālli, tlitl, chīchīwalātl stop + Welsh llwyd '
t͡ʃ[20] chāntli, tōchin, chokolātl choo
t͡s[21] tsahtsi, tsotso, wītsilin cats
w[22] β[23] kichīwa, mēwa, kitlapōwia nci & nhe: witch

nlv: van

ɸ[24] ihwitl, yehwān, ilwitl, nokalwan nci & nhe: witch

nlv: leaf

ʍ[25] h[26] tōnatiw, kwāwtli, mochīwkeh nci: which (as "hwich")

nhe & nlv: ahead

Marginal phonemes[27]
IPA Examples English approximation
b botōntik, bokōl about
β ēbofotōn, hoēbes about, but without lips completely closed
d desfilāroa, dīskoh today
ð presidēnteh this
f fōlsahyōtl, fiolin, fiērohtik, kafēn leaf
ɡ gayētah, teposgarrōteh again
ɣ kastigāroa, kigānchohwia again, but without the tongue touching the roof of the mouth
ɲ kwamonyēkoh, pinyātah canyon
r wirrīni, rerrechoka trilled r
ɾ rowēnteh, pohrroh atom (with flapping)
Vowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
a astatl, kalli between fat and father[28](short)
āmatl, siwātl between fat and father[28] (long)
ɛ[29] epatl, metl length
ɛː ēli, mētstli fairy
i[30] itskwīntli, xilin city
īpanpa, tomīn see
o[31] nokka, tolōntik story (short)
ōllama, mōlli story (long)
Stress
ˈ Primary stress[32] Placed immediately before the stressed syllable.
Diacritics
◌ˀ wāki [ˈwaːkɪˀ] Glottal stop[33]
◌̥ xālloh [ˈʃaːlːoo̥] Devoiced vowel[34]
◌̃ Tōllān [ˈtoːlːãː] Nasal vowel[35]
Other representations
( ) tlahtni [t͡ɬahtu(w)aːnɪˀ] Optional sound[36]
Orthography[37]
INALI SEP ACK Jesuit
tlahtohkeh tlajtojkej tlahtohqueh tlàtòquê
teōkalli, kēman teokali, keman teōcalli, quēmman teōcalli, quēnman
nekwtsin, mākkwawitl neuktsin, majkuauitl neuctzin, māccuahuitl neuctzin, mācquahuitl
astēkah, ahso, sintli astekaj, ajso, sintli aztēcah, ahzo, cintli aztēcâ, àço, cintli
Wītsilōpōchtli, xiwwalli Uitsilopochtli, xiujpouali Huītzilōpōchtli, xiuhhualli
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Notes

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