Hibiya Line
Subway line in Tokyo, Japan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Hibiya Line (日比谷線, Hibiya-sen) is a subway line in Tokyo, Japan, owned and operated by Tokyo Metro. The line was named after the Hibiya area in Chiyoda's Yurakucho district, under which it passes. On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color silver, and its stations are given numbers using the letter "H".
Overview
The Hibiya Line runs between Naka-Meguro in Meguro and Kita-Senju in Adachi. The line's path is somewhat similar to that of the Ginza Line; however, the Hibiya Line was designed to serve a number of important districts, such as Ebisu, Roppongi, Tsukiji, Kayabachō and Senju, which were not on an existing line.
The Hibiya Line became the first line operated by Tokyo Metro to offer through services with a private railway, and the second Tokyo subway line overall after the Toei Asakusa Line. It is connected to the Tobu Skytree Line at Kita-Senju, and through services operate between Naka-Meguro and Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen on the Tobu Skytree Line, and onward to Minami-Kurihashi on the Tobu Nikko Line.[2] Some peak-hour services terminate at Takenotsuka, Kita-Koshigaya or Kita-Kasukabe on the Tobu Skytree Line.[2] Despite its name, the through service does not stop anywhere near the Tokyo Skytree.
The line is the first subway line overall to use 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge (as previous lines used standard gauge), and all subsequent lines operated by Tokyo Metro were built to this gauge to accommodate through services. (Of all subway lines built since the Hibiya Line, only the Ginza, Marunouchi, Asakusa, Shinjuku, and Ōedo lines were not built to this gauge.)
According to the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, as of June 2009 the Hibiya Line is the eighth most crowded subway line in Tokyo, running at 164%[a] capacity between Minowa and Iriya stations.[3]
On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color silver, and its stations are numbered with the prefix "H".
As the old trains which have mixture of three and five doors per car have been retired, platform gates are now being installed as of 14 April 2020 with unified door arrangements of four doors per car. This also reflects with the reduction of eight-car train to seven-car trainset due to the longer 20 m (65 ft 7 in) per car trainset instead of the older 18 m (59 ft 1 in) per car trainset, which resulted in 1% reduction in capacity per train.
A reserved seat limited stop liner service known as the TH Liner commenced service since 6 June 2020 and stop at selected stations along the Hibiya Line and the Tobu lines.
History
Planning
In 1925, the original plan for what is now the Hibiya Line was included in the five-line subway plan designated by the Ministry of Home Affairs Notification No. 56 of 1925 (大正14年内務省告示第56号), the Hibiya Line, then the Line 2 was outlined as a 16.1 km (10 mi) underground route connecting "Meguro – Nishikubo – Iwaidacho – Hongokucho – Asakusaabashi – Tawaramachi – Minami-senju".[4]
Tokyo City obtained route licenses for Lines 3 and 4, but construction approval was denied due to opposition from the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Finance over the city's heavy public debt. No further construction plans were pursued thereafter. In 1941, all route licenses held by the Tokyo City Government were transferred to the newly established Teito Rapid Transit Authority for a fee.[5]
Postwar planning
After the World War II, on December 7, 1946, the War Damage Reconstruction Board (戦災復興院) issued Notification No. 252 (戦災復興院告示第252号), which revised Line 2 as originally designated by the Ministry of Home Affairs in 1925. In response, the Teito Rapid Transit Authority applied on April 28, 1949, to amend its business plan to bring its licensed routes into conformity with Notification No. 252, and the revision was approved on May 23 of the same year.[6] The proposed 23.8 km (14.8 mi) route was as follows:[4]
- Yutenji – Ebisu – Atagocho – Toranomon – Nagatacho – Kudankami – Kanda – Asakusabashi – Tawaramachi – Minowacho – Kita-Senju
- Asakusabashi – Kinshicho (as a branch line)
Subsequently, based on Urban Transportation Council Recommendation No.1 (都市交通審議会答申第1号), issued by the Ministry of Construction, the Teito Rapid Transit Authority decided on May 18, 1957, to commence construction of the planned Line 2 (the Hibiya Line) and the planned Line 4 (then the Ogikubo Line, now the Marunouchi Line).[6] Its basic plan was to connect Naka-Meguro in southwest Tokyo with Kita-Koshigaya in the northeast. The full northeastern extension of the line was never built, as the Tobu Railway upgraded to quadruple track within the same corridor to meet capacity demands.
Construction
The Hibiya Line was the fourth subway line built in Tokyo after the Ginza Line, Marunouchi Line, and Toei Asakusa Line.
Work began in 1959, with the original section from Minami-Senju to Naka-okachimachi Station opening in March 1961.[7] The line opened in stages: the northern section was operational in May 1962 between Kita-Senju and Ningyōchō and in February 1963 between Ningyōchō and Higashi-ginza; the southern section, between Naka-Meguro and Kasumigaseki, opened in March 1964.[7]
The final segment, bridging Higashi-Ginza and Kasumigaseki, opened on 29 August 1964, just weeks before the opening ceremony for the 1964 Summer Olympics.[7] Through service to the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line also began operations on this date.[7] This was something of a coup for the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (the predecessor of today's Tokyo Metro), as the Toei Asakusa Line, which was also to be completed in time for the Olympics, had fallen behind schedule and remained under construction for the duration of the Games.[citation needed]
The Hibiya Line was one of the lines targeted in the 1995 Aum sarin gas attack.
On 8 March 2000, five people were killed and 63 were injured when a derailed Hibiya Line train was sideswiped by a second train near Naka-Meguro Station.[8]
The line, station facilities, rolling stock, and other assets were inherited by Tokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.[9]
16 March 2013 marked the end of through service with Tōkyū Tōyoko Line. All Hibiya Line trains now terminate Naka-Meguro Station.[10]
Stations
- All stations are located in Tokyo.
| No. | Station | Japanese | Distance (km) | Transfers | Location | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Between stations |
From H-01 | |||||
 |
Naka-meguro[* 1] | 中目黒 | - | 0.0 |  Tōyoko Line (TY03) |
Meguro |
 |
Ebisu | 恵比寿 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|
Shibuya |
 |
Hiro-o | 広尾 | 1.5 | 2.5 | Minato | |
 |
Roppongi | 六本木 | 1.7 | 4.2 |
| |
 |
Kamiyacho | 神谷町 | 1.5 | 5.7 | ||
 |
Toranomon Hills[11] | 虎ノ門ヒルズ | 0.8 | 6.5 |
| |
 |
Kasumigaseki | 霞ケ関 | 0.5 | 7.0 |
|
Chiyoda |
 |
Hibiya | 日比谷 | 1.2 | 8.2 |
| |
 |
Ginza | 銀座 | 0.4 | 8.6 |
|
Chūō |
 |
Higashi-ginza | 東銀座 | 0.4 | 9.0 |  Asakusa Line (A-11) | |
 |
Tsukiji | 築地 | 0.6 | 9.6 |  Yūrakuchō Line (Shintomicho: Y-20) | |
 |
Hatchobori | 八丁堀 | 1.0 | 10.6 |  Keiyō Line (JE02) | |
 |
Kayabacho | 茅場町 | 0.5 | 11.1 |  Tōzai Line (T-11) | |
 |
Ningyocho | 人形町 | 0.9 | 12.0 |
| |
 |
Kodemmacho | 小伝馬町 | 0.6 | 12.6 | ||
 |
Akihabara | 秋葉原 | 0.9 | 13.5 |
|
Chiyoda |
 |
Naka-okachimachi | 仲御徒町 | 1.0 | 14.5 |
|
Taitō |
 |
Ueno | 上野 | 0.5 | 15.0 |
| |
 |
Iriya | 入谷 | 1.2 | 16.2 | ||
 |
Minowa | 三ノ輪 | 1.2 | 17.4 | ||
 |
Minami-senju | 南千住 | 0.8 | 18.2 |
|
Arakawa |
 |
Kita-senju[* 2] | 北千住 | 2.1 | 20.3 |
|
Adachi |
↓ Through-services to/from: ↓
| ||||||
Rolling stock
- Tokyo Metro 13000 series (14000 7-car EMUs, since 1 March 2007)[12]
- Tobu 70000 series (7-car EMUs, since 7 July 2017)[13]
- Tobu 70090 series (7-car EMUs since 20 March 2020, for TH Liner)[14]
- 255 series
Tokyo Metro 13000 series
Tobu 70000 series
Tobu 70090 series
Past
- TRTA 3000 series (from 1961 until July 1994)
- Tobu 2000 series (from 1962 until 1993)
- Tokyu 7000 series (original) (from 1964 until March 1991)
- Tokyu 1000 series (from 1991 until September 2013)
- Tokyo Metro 03 series (from 1988 until March 2020)[15]
- Tobu 20000 series (8-car EMUs, 1988 until February 2020)
TRTA 3000 series in 1988
Tobu 2000 series
Tokyu 7000 series
Tokyu 1000 series
Tokyo Metro 03 series
Tobu 20000 series
Notes
a. ^Crowding levels defined by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism:[16][17]
- 100% — Commuters have enough personal space and are able to take a seat or stand while holding onto the straps or hand rails.
- 150% — Commuters have enough personal space to read a newspaper.
- 180% — Commuters must fold newspapers to read.
- 200% — Commuters are pressed against each other in each compartment but can still read small magazines.
- 250% — Commuters are pressed against each other, unable to move.
