Indiplon
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| Routes of administration | Oral |
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| Elimination half-life | 1.5–1.8 hours |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.133.676  |
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| Formula | C20H16N4O2S |
| Molar mass | 376.43 g·mol−1 |
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Indiplon (INN and USAN) is an unmarketed nonbenzodiazepine, hypnotic sedative that was developed in two formulations—an immediate-release formulation for sleep onset, and a modified-release (also called controlled-release or extended-release) version for sleep maintenance.
Pharmacodynamics
Indiplon works by enhancing the action of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, like most other nonbenzodiazepine sedatives. It primarily binds to benzodiazepine sites on α1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors in the brain.[1]
Pharmacokinetics
Indiplon has a short elimination half-life of 1.5 to 1.8 hours in young and elderly subjects, respectively.[2]
Chemistry
Indiplon is a pyrazolopyrimidine related to the nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic zaleplon.[3]
History
Indiplon was discovered at Lederle Laboratories (which was later acquired by Wyeth) in the 1980s and was called CL 285,489.[4]: 454 In 1998 Lederle licensed it, along with other early stage drug candidates, to DOV Pharmaceutical, a startup formed by former Lederle employees, and Dov exclusively sublicensed its rights in the drug to Neurocrine Biosciences in that same year.[4] In 2002, Neurocrine entered into an agreement with Pfizer to develop the drug.[4]
Indiplon was originally scheduled for release in 2007, when Sanofi-Aventis' popular hypnotic zolpidem lost its patent rights in the United States and thus became available as a much less expensive generic. In 2002, Neurocrine Biosciences had entered into an agreement with Pfizer to co-market indiplon in the US, in a deal worth a potential $400mn.[5] However, following the issuing of a non-approvable letter for the modified-release 15 mg formulation and an approvable letter with stipulations for the 5 mg and 10 mg immediate-release version by the FDA in May 2006,[6] Pfizer ended its relationship with Neurocrine.[7] Neurocrine's stock price dropped 60% on the news.[8]
Following a resubmission, the FDA in December 2007 deemed Neurocrine's new drug application (NDA) 'approvable' in the 5 and 10 mg formulations,[9] but requested new studies as a prerequisite to approval, including a clinical trial in the elderly, a safety study comparing adverse effects to those of similarly marketed drugs, and a preclinical study examining indiplon's safety in the third trimester of pregnancy.[10]
Following the 2007 FDA letter, Neurocrine decided to discontinue all clinical and marketing development of Indiplon in the United States.[9][10]
References
- ↑ Petroski RE, Pomeroy JE, Das R, Bowman H, Yang W, Chen AP, et al. (April 2006). "Indiplon is a high-affinity positive allosteric modulator with selectivity for alpha1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors" (PDF). The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 317 (1): 369–77. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.096701. PMID 16399882. S2CID 46510829.
- ↑ Lemon MD, Strain JD, Hegg AM, Farver DK (September 2009). "Indiplon in the management of insomnia". Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 3: 131–142. doi:10.2147/dddt.s3207. PMC 2769245. PMID 19920929.
- ↑ Sullivan SK, Petroski RE, Verge G, Gross RS, Foster AC, Grigoriadis DE (November 2004). "Characterization of the interaction of indiplon, a novel pyrazolopyrimidine sedative-hypnotic, with the GABAA receptor". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 311 (2): 537–546. doi:10.1124/jpet.104.071282. PMID 15256540.
- 1 2 3 Neubauer DN (2010). "Indiplon". In Monti JS, Pandi-Perumal SR, Möhler H (eds.). GABA and Sleep: Molecular, Functional and Clinical Aspects. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 453–464. ISBN 9783034602266.
- ↑ "San Diego's Neurocrine Biosciences Scores Second Big Deal in Two Days". The Motley Fool. 18 June 2010.
- ↑ "Neurocrine's FDA Nightmare". TheStreet.com. 16 May 2006.
- ↑ "Pfizer Drops Neurocrine Deal". TheStreet.com. 22 June 2006.
- ↑ "Neurocrine stock price plunges 60 percent:FDA's mixed review of sleeping pill Indiplon could threaten Pfizer-Neurocrine partnership". CNN Money. 15 May 2006.
- 1 2 "Neurocrine Receives Approvable Letter for Indiplon Capsules with Additional Safety and Efficacy Data Required by FDA" (Press release). Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
- 1 2 "Additional Pipeline Projects". Neurocrine. 2012-02-16. Archived from the original on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2014-06-24.
External links
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