List of South-West Indian Ocean intense tropical cyclones
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Intense tropical cyclone is the second-highest classification used within the South-West Indian Ocean to classify tropical cyclones with and are amongst the strongest tropical cyclones that can form on Earth. A total of 101 tropical cyclones have peaked as an intense tropical cyclone while in the South-West Indian Ocean, which is denoted as the part of the Indian Ocean to the south of the equator and to the west of 90°E. The most recent intense tropical cyclone was Cyclone Chido of the 2024–25 season.
Background
The South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the south of the Equator between Africa and 90°E.[1] The basin is officially monitored by Météo-France's tropical cyclone centre on the island of Reunion (MFR, RSMC La Réunion). In addition, the Mauritius Meteorological Service and the Madagascan Direction Generale de la Meteorologie are classified as subregional tropical cyclone advisory centres and are responsible for monitoring and naming tropical cyclones in consultation with RSMC La Réunion.[1] Other meteorological services such as the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Mauritius Meteorological Service as well as the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center also monitor the basin.[1] Within the basin an intense tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that has 10-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds between 90–115 knots (165–215 km/h; 105–130 mph).[1]
Systems
| Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Deidre–Delinda | December 26, 1973 – January 4, 1974 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | None | None | None | [2] |
| Blandine | January 6 – 12, 1975 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | [3] |
| Robyn–Deborah | December 26, 1973 – January 4, 1974 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | None | None | None | [3] |
| Aurore | November 21, 1977 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [4] |
| Celine | February 9–10, 1979 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Mauritius, Reunion, Rodrigues | None | Unknown | [5][6] |
| Idylle | April 7–13, 1979 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Western Australia | None | Minor | [7][8] |
| Albine | November 30, 1979 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [9] |
| Viola–Claudette | December 15–19, 1979 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | St. Brandon, Mauritius, Réunion | 5 | $175 million | [10][11][12][13] |
| Chris–Damia | January 9–16, 1982 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 898 hPa (26.52 inHg) | Rodrigues, Mauritius | 0 | $650,000 | [14][15] |
| Karla | April 30 – May 2, 1982 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [16] |
| Andry | December 9–12, 1983 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Agaléga, Madagascar | 1 | Extensive | [17][18][19] |
| Bakoly | December 23, 1983 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | None | $21 million | [20] |
| Jaminy | February 16–17, 1984 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [21] |
| Kamisy | April 8, 1984 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Seychelles | 69 | $250 million | [22] |
| Erinesta | February 4–5, 1986 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Tromelin Island, Madagascar, Réunion | None | None | [23] |
| Gasitao | March 20, 1988 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [24][25] |
| Walter–Gregoara | March 17–18, 1990 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [26] |
| Harriet–Heather | March 2–3, 1992 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [27] |
| Edwina | March 2–3, 1993 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Rodrigues, Mauritius, Réunion | None | None | [28] |
| Jourdanne | April 6–7, 1993 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [29] |
| Geralda | January 30 – February 2, 1994 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | Madagascar | 231 | 10 million | [30][31] |
| Litanne | March 11, 1994 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | St. Brandon, Madagascar | 0 | None | [32] |
| Nadia | March 22, 1994 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Mozambique, Malawi | 252 | $20.2 million | [33][34][35] |
| Odille | April 11–12, 1994 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | St. Brandon, Rodrigues | None | Unknown | [36] |
| Albertine | November 28–29, 1994 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Diego Garcia, Rodrigues | None | Unknown | [37] |
| Dorina | January 21–22, 1995 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Rodrigues | 0 | None | [38] |
| Marlene | April 3–4, 1995 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [39] |
| Daryl–Agnielle | November 20–21, 1995 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [40] |
| Bonita | January 8–9, 1996 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Madagascar, Mozambique Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola | 42 | Unknown | [41][42][43][44] |
| Itelle | April 12–14, 1996 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [45] |
| Melanie–Bellamine | November 4–5, 1996 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [46] |
| Daniella | December 5–7, 1996 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | 3 | Unknown | [47][48][49][50] |
| Davina | March 7–8, 1999 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Rodrigues, Mauritius, Réunion | 2 | Minor | [51][52][53][54] |
| Frederic–Evrina | April 1, 1999 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [55] |
| Connie | January 27–29, 2000 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion, Mozambique | 3 | None | [56][57][58][59] |
| Leon–Eline | February 17 & 22, 2000 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Madagascar, Mozambique | 114-722 | $309 million | [60][61][34][62][63][64] |
| Ando | January 5–7, 2001 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Seychelles, Mauritius, Réunion | 2 | None | [65][66][67][68] |
| Charly | January 22–23, 2001 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Rodrigues, Mauritius, Réunion | 0 | None | [66][68][69] |
| Dina | January 19–23, 2002 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | 15 | $287 million | [70][71][72][73][74][75] |
| Francesca | February 4–5, 2002 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [76] |
| Guillaume | February 18–21, 2002 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Madagascar, Comoros Mauritius, Réunion | 0 | Unknown | [71][77] |
| Ikala | March 27, 2002 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [78] |
| Gerry | February 13, 2003 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | 1 | Unknown | [79][80][81][82] |
| Japhet | March 1, 2003 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe | 25 | Unknown | [83][80][84][85][86] |
| Kalunde | March 7–11, 2003 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | Rodrigues | None | $3.15 million | [87][88][89] |
| Beni | November 13, 2003 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Mascarene Islands | 0 | None | [90] |
| Frank | January 30–31, 2004 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [91] |
| Bento | November 23–25, 2004 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [92] |
| Ernest | January 22, 2005 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Mayotte, Madagascar | 78 | Unknown | [93] |
| Bertie–Alvin | November 24, 2005 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [94] |
| Carina | February 27 – March 1, 2006 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [95] |
| Bondo | December 19–21, 2006 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Madagascar, Mozambique | 11 | None | [96][97][98][99] |
| Dora | February 2–4, 2007 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Rodrigues | 0 | None | [100][101] |
| Favio | February 20–22, 2007 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Mozambique, Madagascar | 10 | $71 million | [102][103][101][97][104][105] |
| Gamede | February 25–26, 2007 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Mascarene Islands | 4 | [106][97][107][108][109][110] | |
| Indlala | March 14–15, 2007 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Madagascar | 150 | $240 million | [111][112][113][114] |
| Jaya | March 31 – April 2, 2007 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Madagascar | 1 | None | [115] |
| Hondo | February 6–10, 2008 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | 0 | Minimal | [116] |
| Ivan | February 16–17, 2008 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Madagascar | 93 | $300 million | [117] |
| Jokwe | March 7–8, 2008 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Madagascar, Mozambique | 16 | $80 million | [118] |
| Kamba | March 10, 2008 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [119] |
| Fanele | January 20–21, 2009 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Madagascar | 2 | None | [120] |
| Gael | February 6–8, 2009 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Madagascar | 2 | None | [121][122][123] |
| Anja | November 15–16, 2009 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [124] |
| Cleo | December 8, 2009 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [124] |
| Gelane | February 19–20, 2010 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar | None | None | [125] |
| Funso | January 23–25, 2012 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Mozambique, Malawi | 40 | Unknown | [126][127][128] |
| Giovanna | February 10–11, 2012 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion, Madagascar | 35 | Unknown | [129] |
| Anais | October 14–15, 2012 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Madagascar | None | None | [130] |
| Claudia | December 6–10, 2012 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [131] |
| Felleng | January 30, 2013 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Seychelles, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion | 9 | Unknown | [132] |
| Amara | December 19–21, 2013 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Rodrigues | None | None | [133] |
| Bejisa | December 30–31, 2013 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Seychelles, Réunion, Mauritius | 1 | $89.2 million | [134] |
| Colin | January 11–12, 2014 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [135] |
| Kate | December 30, 2014 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [136] |
| Uriah | February 17–18, 2016 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [137] |
| Emeraude | March 17, 2016 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [138] |
| Enawo | March 6–7, 2017 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) | Madagascar, Réunion | 96 | $50 million | [139] |
| Berguitta | January 15, 2018 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | 1 | $26.5 million | [140][141][142][143][144] |
| Cebile | January 29 – February 2, 2018 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [140] |
| Dumazile | March 5, 2018 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Madagascar, Réunion | 0 | Unknown | [145][146] |
| Alcide | November 8, 2018 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Madagascar | 0 | None | [147] |
| Kenanga | December 19, 2018 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 942 hPa (27.82 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [148] |
| Cilida | December 20–22, 2018 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mauritius | 0 | Minimal | [149][150][151] |
| Funani | February 7–8, 2019 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Rodrigues | 0 | Minimal | [152] |
| Gelena | February 9–10, 2019 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 942 hPa (27.82 inHg) | Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues | 0 | $1 million | [153][154] |
| Haleh | March 4–5, 2019 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [155] |
| Idai | March 11, 2019 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mozambique, Malawi Madagascar, Zimbabwe | 1303 | $2.2 billion | [156][157][158] |
| Joaninha | March 25–28, 2019 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 939 hPa (27.73 inHg) | Rodrigues | 0 | $10.5 million | [159][160] |
| Kenneth | April 25, 2019 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 934 hPa (27.58 inHg) | Seychelles, Madagascar, Comoros, Mozambique, Tanzania, Malawi | 52 | $100 million | [161] |
| Herold | March 17, 2020 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 957 hPa (28.26 inHg) | Madagascar, Mascarene Islands | 5 | Unknown | [162][163][164] |
| Irondro | April 4, 2020 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [165] |
| Batsirai | January 27 – February 5, 2022 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 923 hPa (27.26 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion, Madagascar | 123 | 190 million | [166][167] |
| Emnati | January 20 – 22, 2022 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion, Madagascar | 15 | 1 million | [168] |
| Vernon | 22 February – 3 March 2022 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | None | None | None | [169] |
| Halima | March 25 – 26, 2022 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 939 hPa (27.73 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Fabien | May 16 – 17, 2023 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) | Diego Garcia | 16 | None | |
| Anggrek | January 26 – 30, 2024 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Djoungou | February 18 – 19, 2024 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Bheki | November 16 –18, 2024 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Chido | December 7 –15, 2024 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Mauritius, Seychelles, Madagascar, Mayotte, Comoros, Mozambique | $3.9 billion | 172 | |
| Dikeledi | January 16, 2025 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Madagascar, Mayotte, Comoros, Mozambique | Unknown | 9 | |
| Grant | December 29, 2025 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) | St. Brandon, Tromelin Island, Madagascar | None | None | |
| Dudzai | January 12-13, 2026 & January 16, 2026 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 937 hPa (27.67 inHg) | Rodrigues, Mauritius, Réunion | None | None | |
Other systems
In addition to the systems listed above the Mauritius Meteorological Service classifies tropical cyclones in March 1931, January 1945, February 1945, January and February 1946, April 1958 as intense tropical cyclones.[170] It also classifies Alix of 1960, Carol of 1960, Beryl of 1961, Jenny of 1962, Danielle of 1964, Louise of 1970, Gervaise of 1975, Fleur of 1978, Hyacinthe of 1980, Jacinthe of 1980, Laure of 1980, Florine of 1981, and Hollanda of 1994 as intense tropical cyclones.[170]
Systems classified as an ITC per the BOM
Savannah 2019 weakened into a tropical cyclone as it moved into the basin from the Australian region.[173]
Climatology
| Month | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| January | |
| February | |
| March | |
| April | |
| May | |
| June | |
| July | |
| August | |
| September | |
| October | |
| November | |
| December |
| Decade | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| 1970s | |
| 1980s | |
| 1990s | |
| 2000s | |
| 2010s | |
| 2020s |