Île Vierge
Islet in France
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Île Vierge (Breton language: Enez-Werc'h) is a 6-hectare (15-acre)[1] islet lying 1.5 kilometres (3⁄4 nautical mile) off the north-west coast of Brittany, opposite the village of Lilia.[2] It is in the commune of Plouguerneau, in the département of Finistère.[2] It is the location of the tallest stone lighthouse in Europe,[2][3] and the tallest "traditional lighthouse" in the world.[4] The International Hydrographic Organization specifies Île Vierge as marking the south-western limit of the English Channel.[5]
History
About 1450, the Conventual Franciscans established an abbey on the island.[2] The name "Île Vierge" probably comes from a chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.[2] In 1507, the monks moved to Aber Wrac'h on the mainland.[2] In 1844, the French state purchased the island [2] from sieur Goyon de Coëpel for 6,000 francs.[1]
The lighthouses
 | |
 | |
| Location | Île Vierge, Finistère France |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 48.638888°N 4.567493°W |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | 1845 (first) |
| Construction | stone tower (first) granite tower (current) |
| Automated | 2010, 2002  |
| Height | 31 m (102 ft) (first) 82.5 m (271 ft) (current) |
| Shape | square tower with balcony and lantern (first) tapered cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern (current) |
| Markings | white tower and lantern (first) unpainted tower, green lantern dome (current) |
| Heritage | classified historical monument |
| Light | |
| First lit | 1902 (current) |
| Focal height | 77 m (253 ft) (current) |
| Lens | 4 Fresnel lenses |
| Range | 50 km (27 nmi)[6] |
| Characteristic | Fl W 5s. |
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The first lighthouse was a square tower 33 metres (108 ft) high constructed in 1842–45.[2] It started operation on 15 August 1845,[2] feast day of the Assumption of the Virgin.[7] It had a fixed white light visible for 14 nautical miles (26 kilometres).[2] It remained in use while the second lighthouse was under construction in 1896–1902. A foghorn was installed in 1952, replaced in 1993 by a radio beacon.[2]
The newer lighthouse is 82.5 metres (271 ft) tall, made of blocks of granite.[8] The external face is a truncated cone; the interior face is cylindrical, lined with 12,500 opaline glass tiles made by Saint-Gobain.[2] There are five steps to the front door; inside, 360 steps of stone and 32 of iron lead to the lamp platform.[2] The electric lamp was installed in 1952 on the original mechanical turning plate, sitting in a bath of mercury.[2] The plate was replaced with an electric motor in 1983.[2] The lamp has four lenses with a focal length of 0.5m.[2] The twin beam gives a white flash every 5 seconds, visible for 27 nmi (50 km).[2] Electrical generators were installed in 1959, supplemented in 1967–1994 by two wind turbines.[2] The light and rotation are activated automatically by a photoelectric sensor.[2] Although the lighthouse is automated, the site is still staffed.[9]
The island is open to the public from April to September, as is the lighthouse, by appointment.[2] The number of visitors was 5,944 in 2003, 5,974 in 2004, and 7,371 in 2005.[10] Both lighthouses have been a listed monument since 2011.[3]
