John Carnac
British officer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Brigadier-General John Carnac (c. 1721 – 29 November 1800) was a British officer who served three times as Commander-in-Chief of India.
John Carnac | |
|---|---|
Miniature of John Carnac (1786) by Ozias Humphry | |
| Born | c. 1721 |
| Died | 29 November 1800 |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Branch | British Army |
| Rank | Brigadier General |
| Commands | Indian Army |
Early life
John Carnac was baptised in London on 12 April 1721. He was the son of Captain Peter Carnac (1665–1756), and Andrienne, née Lelonte (died c. 1762).[1] His parents were French Huguenot immigrants. He had brothers called Pierre (Peter), Isaac and Scipio.[2] The family moved to Dublin, where John studied at Trinity College, receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1740.[1] Later in his life, Carnac still corresponded with his family and their friends in French.[2]
Military career
John Carnac voyaged to India as a lieutenant in the 39th Regiment in 1754 and served at Madras as secretary and aide-de-camp to the colonel of the regiment, John Adlercron.[1] He joined the service of the East India Company as Captain in 1758 after transferring from the 39th foot.[1] After his arrival in Bengal he became secretary and aide-de-camp to Robert Clive, governor of Bengal, and joined him in an expedition against the Prince Ali Gauhar, son of the Mughal emperor Alamgir II.[1]
In 1761 he engaged with and defeated Shah Alam II. He became Brigadier-General in 1764 and participated with Clive in the negotiations with Shuja-ud-Daula and the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II in 1765.[1]
In 1767, Carnac resigned from the company's service in January and returned to England. He purchased an estate near Ringwood in Hampshire and also participated in a largely unsuccessful housing development in Southampton.[1] From 1768 to 1773 he served as M.P. for Leominster. In 1772 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.[3]
By 1773 Carnac was short of money and he returned to India as a member of the Council at Bombay. He was dismissed from the East India Company for his involvement in the Convention of Wadgaon in 1779[1][4] and died at Mangalore in November 1800.[1]
Family
In 1765 John Carnac married Elizabeth Woollaston. Then in 1769 he married Elizabeth Catherine Rivett (1751–80), daughter of Thomas Rivett (1713–63),[5] who had been an MP and Mayor of Derby. A 1775–76 portrait of Mrs. Carnac by Sir Joshua Reynolds hangs in the Wallace Collection in London;[5] a 1778 mezzotint engraving by John Raphael Smith after Reynolds' painting is at the Art Museum of Estonia,[6] with a proof impression at the British Museum.[7]
John Carnac's last will and testament made his brother-in-law James Rivett his heir, provided that he assumed the additional name of Carnac, which he did in 1801.[1] Two of James's sons became famous: Sir James Rivett-Carnac, 1st Bt, became a Governor of Bombay Presidency, while Admiral John Rivett-Carnac became an early explorer of Australia, where Carnac Island was named in his honor by Captain James Stirling when Rivett-Carnac was first lieutenant on HMS Success on the Swan River expedition of 1827.