Liberal International

International federation of liberal political parties (est. 1947) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Liberal International (LI) is a worldwide organisation of liberal political parties. The political international was formed in November 1946, and constituted with the Oxford Manifesto in April 1947. It has become the pre-eminent network for liberal and progressive democratic parties aiming to strengthen liberalism and democratic values around the world. Its headquarters are within the National Liberal Club, in London. The Oxford Manifesto describes the basic political principles of the Liberal International, which is currently made up of 111 parties and organisations.

AbbreviationLI
Formation21 November 1946; 79 years ago (1946-11-21)
(In April 1947, it was constituted with the Oxford Manifesto)
Quick facts Abbreviation, Formation ...
Liberal International
AbbreviationLI
Formation21 November 1946; 79 years ago (1946-11-21)
(In April 1947, it was constituted with the Oxford Manifesto)
TypeInternational non-governmental organisation
Legal statusPolitical international
PurposeWorld federation of liberal political parties and organisations
HeadquartersNational Liberal Club
Location
Region served
Worldwide
Membership90 political parties and 21 international organisations (as of May 2022)
President
Karl-Heinz Paque
Vice-Presidents
Henrik Bach Mortensen
Sidi Touré
Dr. Phil Bennion (fmr. MEP)
Secretary General
Elin Håland
Main organ
Congress of Liberal International
Publication
LI Human Rights Bulletin
Websiteliberal-international.org
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Aims

The Liberal International Constitution (2005) gives its purposes as:

to win general acceptance of Liberal principles which are international in their nature throughout the world, and to foster the growth of a free society based on personal liberty, personal responsibility and social justice, and to provide the means of co-operation and interchange of information between the member organisations, and between men and women of all countries who accept these principles.

The principles that unite member parties from Africa, America, Asia and Europe are respect for human rights, free and fair elections and multi-party democracy, social justice, tolerance, market economy, free trade, environmental sustainability and a strong sense of international solidarity.

The aims of Liberal International are also set out in a series of seven manifestos, written between 1946 and 1997, and are furthered by a variety of bodies including a near-yearly conference for liberal parties and individuals from around the world.[1]

Bureau

The bureau of Liberal International is elected every 18 months by the delegates of the congress.[2]

Former Presidents include Hans Van Baalen MEP, John, Lord Alderdice, Dutch politician and former European Commissioner Frits Bolkestein, German politician Otto Graf Lambsdorff, and Spain's first democratically elected prime minister after Francoist Spain, Adolfo Suárez. The 14th president of Liberal International was Hakima el Haite of the Mouvement Populaire (Morocco), who is a former Minister of Environment, UN climate champion, and climate scientist. Madam El Haite succeeded Dr Juli Minoves, formerly Andorra's foreign minister and representative to the United Nations.

The secretary-general of Liberal International is William Townsend. Other members of the bureau include Deputy President Prof. Karl-Heinz Paque; and Vice Presidents Cellou Dalein Diallo (Guinea), Kitty Monterrey (Nicaragua), Abir al-Sahlani (Sweden), Kiat Sittheamorn (Thailand) and Robert Woodthorpe Browne (United Kingdom). There are two elected treasurers, Judith Pallares MP (Andorra) and Minister Omar Youm (Senegal).

Awards

Liberal International awards prizes to individuals in the areas of human rights and liberalism.

Prize for Freedom:

The Liberal International Prize for Freedom is LI's most prestigious human rights award. Conveyed annually since 1984 to an individual of liberal conviction who has made outstanding efforts for the defence of freedom and human rights, recipients include Maria Corina Machado of Venezuela, Senator Leila de Lima of the Philippines, Raif Badawi of Saudi Arabia, Waris Dirie of Somalia and Václav Havel of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic.

Medal of Liberalism:

The Liberal International Medal of Liberalism is awarded to individuals who have worked to advance liberal values on a local, national and international level. Recipients include President Alassane Ouattara of Ivory Coast, Prime Minister Xavier Bettel of Luxembourg, President Tsai Ing-wen of Taiwan and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe leader Sir Graham Watson of the United Kingdom.

Publications

The LI Human Rights Bulletin is published three times per year and consists of opinion articles, video interviews and digest of the work of the LI human rights committee.

Thematic publications are published online and in print on an ad hoc basis. Recent texts have offered a liberal perspective on issues ranging from freedom of belief to the responsibility to protect.

History

Before establishment

Because inter-war International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties ceased to operate in the beginning of the World War II, on 16 June 1946 representatives of the Liberal Party of Belgium, British Liberal Party, French Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party, Danish Social Liberal Party, Freedom Party of the Netherlands, Free Democratic Party of Switzerland, People's Party of Sweden, Italian Liberal Party and the representatives of Spanish Liberals in exile assembled in Brussels and adopted the Declaration of Brussels, which called for creation of world liberal organisation.

Oxford Manifesto

The Oxford Manifesto, drawn up in April 1947 at Wadham College in Oxford by representatives from 19 liberal political parties from South Africa, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Spain, Estonia, United Kingdom, United States, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia and Turkey is a document describing the basic political principles of the Liberal International. Creation of its main principles were led by Salvador de Madariaga.[3]

The Oxford Manifesto was inspired by the ideas of William Beveridge[citation needed] and is regarded as one of the defining political documents of the 20th century.[citation needed]

Fifty years on, in 1997, Liberal International returned to Oxford and issued a supplement to the original manifesto, The Liberal Agenda for the 21st century, describing Liberal policies in greater detail. The second Oxford Manifesto was adopted by the 48th Congress of Liberal International, which was held on 27–30 November 1997 in the Oxford Town Hall.[4] In 2017, the global federation marked its 70th anniversary with the adoption of the Andorra Liberal Manifesto for the twenty-first century (ALM). A three-year project across numerous continents initiated by then president Juli Minoves, the ALM embodied the widest consultation of views undertaken by Liberal International in order to compile a policy document.[5]

Organisation

Presidents

More information N°, Portrait ...
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Country Presidency Membership
1 Salvador de Madariaga
(1886–1978)
United Kingdom
Spain (exiled)
20 April 1948 18 April 1952 Association
Mont Pelerin Society
2 Roger Motz
(1904–1964)
Belgium 18 April 1952 20 April 1958 Liberal Party
3 Giovanni Malagodi
(1904–1991)
Italy 20 April 1958 15 April 1966 Italian Liberal Party
4 Edzo Toxopeus
(1918–2009)
Netherlands 15 April 1966 25 April 1970 People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
5 Gaston Thorn
(1928–2007)
Luxembourg 25 April 1970 18 April 1982 Democratic Party
(3) Giovanni Malagodi
(1904–1991)
Italy 18 April 1982 26 April 1989 Italian Liberal Party
6 Adolfo Suárez
(1932–2014)
Spain 26 April 1989 22 April 1992 Democratic and Social Centre
7 Otto Graf Lambsdorff
(1926–2009)
Germany 22 April 1992 25 April 1994 Free Democratic Party
8 David Steel
(1938–)
United Kingdom 25 April 1994 15 April 1996 Liberal Democrats
9 Frits Bolkestein
(1933–2025)
Netherlands 15 April 1996 18 April 2000 People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
10 Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck
(1944–)
Belgium 18 April 2000 25 April 2005 Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten
11 John Alderdice
(1955–)
United Kingdom 25 April 2005 20 April 2009 Liberal Democrats
and
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
12 Hans van Baalen
(1960–2021)
Netherlands 20 April 2009 26 April 2014 People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
13 Juli Minoves
(1969–)
Andorra 26 April 2014 30 November 2018 Liberal Party of Andorra
14 Hakima El Haite
(1963–)
Morocco 30 November 2018 2 December 2024 Popular Movement
15 Karl-Heinz Paqué
(1956–)
Germany 2 December 2024 Incumbent Free Democratic Party
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Members

Incumbent heads of state and government

Full members

More information Country/Region, Name ...
Country/Region Name Government Legislature Joined
Andorra [6] Liberals of AndorraExtra-parliamentary
0 / 28
Austria[6] NEOS Government
18 / 183
2025
Belgium[6] Reform MovementGovernment
20 / 150
2002
AndersOpposition
8 / 150
1992
Burkina Faso[7] Alliance for Democracy and Federation – African Democratic RallyExtra-parliamentary
0 / 127
2006
Le Faso Autrement Opposition
1 / 127
Cambodia[8] Cambodia National Rescue MovementExtra-parliamentary 2006
Canada Liberal Party of Canada [9] Government
169 / 343
1947
Chile[10] EvópoliOpposition
2 / 155
2023
Liberal Party of ChileGovernment
3 / 155
2014
Democratic Republic of the Congo[7] Together for the RepublicOpposition
18 / 500
2008
Côte d'Ivoire[7] Rally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and PeaceGovernment
197 / 255
2003
Croatia[6] Istrian Democratic AssemblyOpposition
2 / 151
2014
Cuba[10] Cuban Liberal UnionExtra-parliamentary 1992
Cuban Liberal Solidarity PartyExtra-parliamentary 2014
Democratic Solidarity PartyExtra-parliamentary
Egypt [11] Justice PartyOpposition
11 / 596
Gambia Citizens' Alliance
Denmark[6] Danish Social Liberal PartyOpposition
7 / 179
1948
Venstre, Denmark's Liberal PartyGovernment
23 / 179
1947
Moderates
16 / 179
Estonia[6] Estonian Reform PartyGovernment
37 / 101
1994
EU Renew EuropeN/a
76 / 720
ALDE PartyN/a
Finland[6] Centre PartyOpposition
23 / 200
1983
Swedish People's PartyGovernment
9 / 200
1983
Georgia[6] Republican Party of GeorgiaExtra-parliamentary 2006
Germany[6] German Group of the LIN/a 1947
Free Democratic PartyExtra-parliamentary 1947
Gibraltar[6] Liberal PartyGovernment
2 / 17
1997
Guinea[7] Union of Democratic Forces of GuineaExtra-parliamentary 2012
Union of Republican ForcesOpposition
10 / 114
2012
Honduras[10] Liberal PartyOpposition
41 / 128
1986
Iceland[6] Progressive PartyOpposition
5 / 63
1983
Ireland[6] Fianna FáilGovernment
48 / 174
2014
Israel[11] Israeli Liberal GroupOpposition
Kenya[7] Orange Democratic MovementOpposition
85 / 349
2015
Kosovo[6] Independent Liberal PartyExtra-parliamentary 2009
Democratic Party of KosovoOpposition
22 / 120
2023
Lebanon[11] Future MovementExtra-parliamentary 2012
Luxembourg[6] Democratic PartyGovernment
14 / 60
Madagascar[7] Movement for the Progress of MadagascarExtra-parliamentary 1994
Arche de la NationExtra-parliamentary 2017
Mexico[6] New Alliance PartyOpposition 2006
Mongolia[8] Civil Will-Green PartyOpposition
4 / 126
2009
Montenegro[6] Liberal Party of MontenegroExtra-parliamentary 2014
Morocco[11] Constitutional UnionGovernment
18 / 395
2003
Authenticity and Modernity PartyGovernment
87 / 395
Popular MovementOpposition
28 / 395
Netherlands[6] Democrats 66Government
26 / 150
1986
Dutch Group of LIN/a
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy[12]Government
22 / 150
1960
Nicaragua[10] Ciudadanos por la LibertadOpposition
North Macedonia[6] Liberal Democratic PartyOpposition
1 / 120
1994
Norway[6] Liberal PartyOpposition
3 / 169
1947
Paraguay[10] Authentic Radical Liberal PartyOpposition
23 / 80
2001
Philippines[8] Liberal PartyOpposition
12 / 317
1989
Portugal[6] Iniciativa LiberalOpposition
9 / 230
Romania[6] National Liberal Party[13]Government
49 / 331
1994
Senegal[7] Alliance pour la RépubliqueOpposition
16 / 165
2018
RewmiExtra-parliamentary 2015
Senegalese Democratic PartyExtra-parliamentary 1980
Slovenia[6] ConcretelyExtra-parliamentary
Somalia[7] CAHDI PartyOpposition 2017
South Africa[7] Democratic AllianceGovernment
87 / 400
1984
Spain[6] Fundació Llibertat i DemocràciaN/a
Sweden[6] LiberalsGovernment
16 / 349
1947
Centre PartyOpposition
24 / 349
2006
Serbia[6] Movement of Free CitizensOpposition
3 / 250
2022
 Switzerland[6] FDP.The LiberalsGovernment
28 / 200
2009
Syria[11] Syrian Liberal Party - AhrarOpposition
Taiwan[8] Democratic Progressive PartyGovernment
51 / 113
1994
Thailand[8] Democrat PartyGovernment
22 / 500
United Kingdom[6] Alliance Party of Northern IrelandIn coalition government in Northern Irish Assembly, in opposition at national level 1991
Liberal International British GroupN/a
Liberal DemocratsOpposition
72 / 650
1989
Worldwide International Federation of Liberal YouthN/a
International Network of Liberal WomenN/a
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Observer parties

More information Country/Region, Name ...
Country/Region Name Government
Andorra [6] Action for Andorra Opposition
Brazil[10] New PartOpposition
Burkina Faso[7] Union pour le Progrès et le ChangementOpposition
Comoros[7] Alliance Nationale pour les ComoresExtra-parliamentary
Democratic Republic of the Congo[7] Union pour la reconstruction du Congo [fr]Opposition
Republic of the Congo[7] Union des Democrates Humanistes (UDH-YUKI)N/a
Mouvement républicain Opposition
Costa Rica Progressive Liberal PartyOpposition
Cyprus[6] United DemocratsExtra-parliamentary
Georgia[6] Girchi – More Freedom Extra-parliamentary
Ghana[7] Progressive People's PartyOpposition
Hungary[6] Momentum MovementOpposition
Israel[11] Yesh AtidOpposition
Malaysia[8] Parti Gerakan Rakyat MalaysiaIn opposition
Mali[7] Citizens' Party for the Renewal of MaliExtra-parliamentary
Union pour la République et la Démocratie (URD)N/a
Mauritania[7] Rally for MauritaniaOpposition
Moldova[6] Coalition for Unity and WelfareExtra-parliamentary
Morocco[11] Moroccan Liberal PartyExtra-parliamentary
Nicaragua[10] Ruta del Cambio Extra-parliamentary
Singapore[8] Singapore Democratic PartyExtra-parliamentary
Suriname[10] Democratic Alternative '91Extra-parliamentary
Tunisia[11] Afek TounesExtra-parliamentary
Ukraine[6] HolosOpposition
Venezuela[10] Vente VenezuelaExtra-parliamentary
Zambia[7] United Party for National Development Government
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Individual member

More information Country, Name ...
Country Name Government
Hong Kong Mr Martin Lee – founding chairman of Democratic PartyExtra-parliamentary
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Cooperating organisations

Cooperating and regional organisations are groups with a recognised status in the constitution of Liberal International as bodies that share the values and objectives of LI but do not operate as a political party. Co-operating organisations have the right of representation but in no case the right to vote at statutory events. LI has 12 cooperating organisations.

Liberal think tanks and foundations

The International is also in a loose association with the following 10 organisations:

More information Organisation, Country ...
Organisation Country
Centre Jean Gol Belgium
Fondazione Luigi Einaudi Italy
Fondazione Critica Liberale
Liberal Institute Germany
Teldersstichting Netherlands
The Bertil Ohlin Institute Sweden
Education Policy Institute United Kingdom
European Liberal Forum Europe
Livres (movement)[14] Brazil
Paddy Ashdown Forum[15] United Kingdom
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See also

References

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