Liberia–Turkey relations

Liberia–Turkey relations refers to the bilateral relations between Liberia and Turkey. Since 2013, the Turkish ambassador in Accra, Ghana has also accredited to Liberia.^[1] The Liberian embassy in Brussels is accredited to Turkey.^[1] Turkey's Ministry of Foreign Affairs states that efforts to open an embassy in Liberia’s capital Monrovia are underway.^[1]

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Liberia–Turkey relations



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Diplomatic relations

Turkey and Liberia have close relations due to the close relations between Liberia–United States and Turkey–United States.^[2] Turkey declined to support Liberia during the Doe and Taylor administrations, which caused the death of more than 200,000 Liberians.^[3] Since the election of Harvard-trained President Sirleaf, relations between Liberia and Turkey improved considerably.^[4]

Cooperating with the consortium of the World Bank, the IMF and the African Development Bank, Turkey raised money to pay off Liberia’s US$3.4 billion foreign debt following the First Liberian Civil War and Second Liberian Civil War.^[5] and provided US$75 million in reconstruction and development assistance^[5] to rebuild the country^[6]^[6]

In May 2014, Augustine Kpehe Ngafuan became the first Liberian foreign minister to officially visit Turkey.^[7]

In March 2026, representatives of the Turkish foreign ministry visited Monrovia to discuss opening a Turkish embassy in the country. It was part of Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan efforts to expand his country's influence in Africa.^[8]

Economic relations

Trade volume between the two countries was 191.9 million USD in 2019.^[1]

References

Amin, Samir. Unequal Development: Social Formations at the Periphery of the Capitalist System. Hassocks, England: Harvester Press, 1978.
Anderson, Robert Earle. Liberia, America’s African Friend. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
Ayittey, George B.N. Africa Unchained: The Blueprint for Africa’s Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Black Scandal: America and the Liberian Labor Crisis, 1929–1936. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of International Issues, 1980.
Burin, Eric. Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005.
Calderisi, Robert. The Trouble with Africa: Why Foreign Aid Isn’t Working. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Canney, Donald. Africa Squadron: The U.S. Navy and the Slave Trade, 1842–1861. Lanham, Md.: Potomac Books, 2006.
Chan, Stephen. Grasping Africa: A Tale of Achievement and Tragedy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
Clegg III, Claude A. The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.
Collier, Paul. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done about It. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Cutter, Charles H. Africa: The World Today Series. 42nd ed. Harpers Ferry, W.V.: Stryker-Post, 2007.
Donohugh, Agnes Crawford. The Atlantic Charter and Africa from an American Standpoint: A Study by the Committee on Africa, the War, and Peace Aims. New York: Phelps-Stokes Fund, 1942.
Ellis, Stephen. The Mask of Anarchy: The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War. Updated ed. New York: New York University Press, 2006.
Fahnbulleh, Boima H. Voices of Protest: Liberia on the Edge, 1974–1980. Boca Raton, Fla.: Universal, 2005.
Gifford, Paul. Christianity and Politics in Doe’s Liberia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Huffman, Alan. Mississippi in Africa: The Saga of the Slaves of Prospect Hill Plantation and Their Legacy in Liberia Today. New York: Gotham Books, 2005.
Hugon, Phillipe. African Geopolitics. Trans. by Steven Rendall. Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener, 2008.
Hyman, Lester S. United States Policy towards Liberia, 1822 to 2003: Un- intended Consequences. Cherry Hill, N.J.: Africana Homestead Legacy, 2007.
Kieh Jr., George K. Dependency and the Foreign Policy of a Small Power: The Liberian Case. San Francisco, Calif.: Mellen Research University Press, 1992.
Kulah, Arthur F. Liberia Will Rise Again: Reflections on the Liberian Civil Crisis. Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 1997.
Kunz, Diane B., ed. The Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade: American Foreign Relations during the 1960s. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
Latham, Michael E. Modernization as Ideology: American Social Science and “Nation Building” in the Kennedy Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
Levitt, Jeremy. The Evolution of Deadly Conflict in Liberia from ‘Paternaltarianism’ to State Collapse. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2005.
Lyons, Terrence. “Keeping Africa off the Agenda.” In Warren I. Cohen and Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, eds. Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World: American Foreign Policy, 1963–1968. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Moran, Mary H. Liberia: The Violence of Democracy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. Pham, John Peter. Liberia: Portrait of a Failed State. New York: Reed Press, 2004.
Rostow, W.W. Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Foreign Aid. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1985.
Sawyer, Amos. Beyond Plunder: Toward Democratic Governance in Liberia. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2005.
Sneh, Itai Natzizenfield. The Future Almost Arrived: How Jimmy Carter Failed to Change U.S. Foreign Policy. New York: Peter Lang Publisher, 2008.
Thornton, Richard C., ed. The Carter Years: Toward a New Global Order. New York: Paragon House, 1991.
Tyler-McGraw, Marie. An African Republic: Black and White Virginians in the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
Vance, Cyrus R. Hard Choices: Critical Years in America’s Foreign Policy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.
Williams, Gabriel I.H. Liberia: The Heart of Darkness. New Bern, N.C.: Trafford, 2006.
Wright, Stephen. African Foreign Policies. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1998.
Young, Andrew. “The United States and Africa: Victory for Diplomacy.” Foreign Affairs 59, no. 4 (America and the World 1980).

Liberia–Turkey relations

Diplomatic relations

Economic relations

See also

References

Further reading

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