MC5R is necessary for normal sebum production.[7][8][9] Stimulation of MC5R promotes fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle[10] and lipolysis in adipocytes.[11] MC5R is essential for erythrocyte differentiation.[12] MC5R is involved in inflammation.[13][14] MC5R helps maintain thermal homeostasis.[8][15] Stimulation of the MC5R in skeletal muscle causes glucose uptake.[16] In vitro, MC5R agonism is cardioprotective [17][18] and kidney protective.[19][20]
MC5R is expressed in the brain at different levels depending on physical activity.[21]
Pheromones
MC5R is heavily expressed in the preputial gland in mice (a modified sebaceous gland involved in pheromone production). MC5R deficiency in male mice decreases aggressive behavior, promotes defensive behavior and encourages other male mice to attack MC5R-deficient males through pheromonal signals.[22][23][24]
