Muya language
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in China
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Munya or Muya (simplified Chinese: 木雅语; traditional Chinese: 木雅語; also Manyak 曼牙科,[2] Menia 么呢阿;[3] Tibetan: མི་ཉག, Wylie: Mi nyak, THL: Minyak[4]) is one of the Qiangic languages spoken in China. There are two dialects, Western and Eastern, which are not mutually intelligible. Most research on Munya has been conducted by Ikeda Takumi. There are about 2,000 monolinguals.
| Muya | |
|---|---|
| Munya | |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Sichuan |
Native speakers | Eastern: 2,000 (2020)[1] Western: 12,000 (2020)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:emq – Eastern Minyagwmg – Western Minyag |
| Glottolog | muya1239 |
| ELP | Muya |
| |
 Muya is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Names
The language has been spelled in various ways, including Manyak, Menya, Minyag, and Minyak. Other names for the language are Boba and Miyao.
Dialects
Ethnologue (21st edition) lists two Muya dialects, namely Eastern (Nyagrong) and Western (Darmdo). Muya is spoken in
Sun (1991) documents Muya (木雅) of Liuba Township (六坝乡), Shade District (沙德区), Kangding County (康定县), Sichuan.[5]
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | oral | p b | t d | k g | q ɢ | |||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||||
| prenasalized | ᵐpʰ ᵐb | ⁿtʰ ⁿd | ᵑkʰ ᵑg | ᶰqʰ ᶰɢ | ||||
| Affricate | oral | ts dz | ʈʂ ɖʐ | tɕ dʑ | ||||
| aspirated | tsʰ | ʈʂʰ | tɕʰ | |||||
| prenasalized | ⁿtsʰ ⁿdz | ⁿʈʂʰ ⁿɖʐ | ⁿtɕʰ ⁿdʑ | |||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʂ ʐ | ɕ ʑ | x ɣ | χ ʁ | h ɦ | |
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||||
- /ʑ/ can sometimes be heard as [r].
Additionally, the following diphthongs have been observed: /yi/, /ui/, /ie/, /ye/, /ue/, /uø/, /iɛ̃/, /yɛ/, /yɛ̃/, /uɛ/, /uæ/, /uæ̰/, /yɐ/, /yɐ̰/, /uɐ/, /yɯ/, /uɯ/, /yɑ/, /yɑ̃/, /uɑ/.
- [ ˥ ] - high, level
- [ ˥˧ ] - high-falling
- [ ˧˥ ] - high-rising
- [ ˧ ] - mid, level
Popular culture
In 2008, Bamu, a singer with the Jiuzhaigou Art Troupe in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, recorded an album of Muya songs (木雅七韵).[7]
