Nemi language
Austronesian language spoken in New Caledonia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Nemi language is a Kanak language of the Austronesian language family spoken by 320 people in the north of New Caledonia, in the commune of Hienghène. Dialects include Ouanga, Ouélis, and Kavatch.[2]
-
Malayo-Polynesian
- Oceanic
- Southern Oceanic
- New Caledonian – Loyalties
- New Caledonian
- Northern New Caledonian
- North Northern
- Nemi languages
- Nemi
- Nemi languages
- North Northern
- Northern New Caledonian
- New Caledonian
- New Caledonian – Loyalties
- Southern Oceanic
- Oceanic
| Nemi | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Hienghène, New Caledonia |
Native speakers | 910 (2009 census)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nem |
| Glottolog | nemi1240 |
| ELP | Nemi |
Nemi is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
Phonology
The phonology of Nemi is as follows:[3]
| Labiovelar | Labial | Apical | Sibilant | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occlusive | Nasal | voiced | mʷ | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| voiceless | m̥ʷ | m̥ | n̥ | ɲ̥ | — | ||||
| Demi-nasal | prenasalized | ᵐbʷ | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮɟ | ᵑɡ | |||
| postnasalized | pᵐʷ | pᵐ | tⁿ | cᶮ | kᵑ | ||||
| Oral | tenuis | pʷ | p | t | c | k | |||
| aspirated | (pʷʰ) | pʰ | tʰ | — | kʰ | ||||
| Continuant | Oral | voiced | w | v | l[a] | j | ɣ[b] | ||
| voiceless | w̥ | f | l̥[a] | s | j̥ | h | |||
| Nasal | voiced | w̃ | |||||||
| voiceless | w̥̃ | h̃ | |||||||
| Vibrant | r[b] | ||||||||
As is common in Oceanic linguistics, the term 'labiovelar' encompasses two classes of consonants: six velarized bilabial occlusives /ᵐbʷ, pᵐʷ, pʷ, (pʷʰ), mʷ, m̥ʷ/; and four labial–velar approximants /w, w̥, w̃, w̥̃/.[citation needed]
The phoneme /s/ possibly corresponds to an etymological /cʰ/, a phonological gap.
Some speakers have a simplified inventory of consonants in medial position, with oral occlusives and voiceless continuants generally merging into voiced continuants and (in the case of alveolars) the vibrant, and postnasalized and voiceless nasal occlusives into voiced nasals, with the exception of loanwords. For those speakers, a similar allophonic free variation can also produce [k~ɣ], [t~r], and [tʰ~r̥] in initial positions in less careful speech.
In final position, only eight phonemes contrast: /m n ɲ ŋ p t c k/.
Vowels may be allophonically nasalized before prenasalized consonants and after nasal and postnasalized consonants. The vowel /u/ is fronted before /v/.
Lexical stress generally falls on the initial syllable.