OLR1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (Ox-LDL receptor 1) also known as lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OLR1 gene.[5]
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| Aliases | OLR1, CLEC8A, LOX1, LOXIN, SCARE1, SLOX1, oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 602601; MGI: 1261434; GeneCards: OLR1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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LOX-1 is the main receptor for oxidized LDL on endothelial cells, macrophages, smooth muscle cells,[6] and other cell types.[7] But minimally oxidized LDL is more readily recognized by the TLR4 receptor, and highly oxidized LDL is more readily recognized by the CD36 receptor.[8]
Function
LOX-1 is a receptor protein which belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily. Its gene is regulated through the cyclic AMP signaling pathway. The protein binds, internalizes and degrades oxidized low-density lipoprotein.[citation needed]
Normally, LOX-1 expression on endothelial cells is low, but tumor necrosis factor alpha, oxidized LDL, blood vessel shear stress, and other atherosclerotic stimuli substantially increase LOX-1 expression.[7][9]
LOX-1 may be involved in the regulation of Fas-induced apoptosis. Oxidized LDL induces endothelial cell apoptosis through LOX-1 binding.[6] Other ligands for LOX-1 include oxidized high-density lipoprotein, advanced glycation end-products, platelets, and apoptotic cells.[6][9] The binding of platelets to LOX-1 causes a release of vasoconstrictive endothelin, which induces endothelial dysfunction.[9]
Clinical significance
Binding of oxidized LDL to LOX-1 activates NF-κB, leading to monocyte adhesion to enthothelial cells (a pre-requisite for the macrophage foam cell formation of atherosclerosis).[7] Macrophage affinity for unmodified LDL particles is low, but is greatly increased when the LDL particles are oxidized.[10] LDL oxidation occurs in the sub-endothelial space, rather than in the circulation.[10] But oxidized cholesterol from foods cooked at high temperature can also be a source of oxysterols.[8]
OLR1 gene polymorphisms have been associated with coronary artery disease.[11]