October 1972

Month of 1972 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following events occurred in October 1972:

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October 30, 1972: Liberals win 109 seats, Progressive Conservatives 107 in Canadian election for House of Commons
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October 16, 1972: U.S. Congressmen Hale Boggs and Nick Begich disappear in Alaskan plane crash
October 28, 1972: Airbus A300 makes its first flight [1]

October 1, 1972 (Sunday)

  • The first reports were made about the production of a recombinant DNA molecule, marking the birth of modern molecular biology methodology.[2]
  • Malaysia Singapore Airlines broke up into two companies, Singapore Airlines (SIA), with 10 aircraft, and Malaysia Airlines. SIA now serves 80 cities in 40 nations around the world.[3]
  • An explosion on board the USS Newport News killed 19 sailors and injured ten others. The blast occurred off of the coast of South Vietnam at about 1:00 a.m. local time.[4]
  • Florida's new death penalty statute, the first to be passed in the United States since the U.S. Supreme Court decision that declared all existing capital punishment laws unconstitutional, went into effect.[5]
  • The Oregon Minimum Deposit Law took effect, as Oregon became the first state to require a deposit on all beverage containers, including cans.[6]
  • Died:
    • Louis Leakey, 69, Kenyan-born British anthropologist known for his 1959 discovery (with his wife, Mary Leakey) of the remains of Zinjanthropus, a 1.7 million-year old ancestor of humans.[7][8]
    • Neville Goddard, 67, Barbadian author and mystic, died of an esophageal rupture.[9] the author's death certificate cites the esophageal rupture.[10] He had been a resident of Los Angeles for roughly 20 years.[11]

October 2, 1972 (Monday)

  • Voters in Denmark approved the Treaty of Accession in a referendum, with 63.5% voting in favor of joining the European Economic Community, known as the "Common Market". One week earlier, voters in neighboring Norway had rejected the treaty.[12]
  • An Aeroflot Il-18 airliner crashed at Sochi, in the Soviet Union, killing all 109 people on board.
  • The Indian State of Rajasthan launched the Antyodaya Programme, which would identify the five poorest families in each of the state's villages, and then provide government assistance for one year in the form of allotting land for cultivation, bank loans, assistance in finding employment, or a pension. The experiment was less successful in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh.[13]

October 3, 1972 (Tuesday)

October 4, 1972 (Wednesday)

  • The abbreviation "Ms." was used for the first time in the Congressional Record, in reference to U.S. Representative Bella Abzug. The other eleven women in Congress, however, continued to be referred to as "Mrs."[16]
  • The first ABC Afterschool Special was telecast. The anthology drama series for children, shown once a month on a Wednesday afternoon, addressed contemporary issues and ran until 1997.[17]
  • Peter Bridge, a reporter for the defunct Newark Evening News went to jail for contempt of court for not revealing his source for a statement that the Newark Housing Authority had been offered a bribe. Bridge was the first journalist to be incarcerated after a June 29 U.S. Supreme Court ruling held that newsmen could not withhold confidential information from a grand jury investigation.[18] Bridge would be released on October 24 after three weeks in the Essex County Jail, after a grand jury declined to return an indictment against anyone in the housing authority.[19]

October 5, 1972 (Thursday)

  • In New York, the General Agreement on Participation was signed between the governments of oil exporters Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates on one side, and representatives of the petroleum producing corporations Exxon, Chevron, Texaco and Mobil. In return for a total of $500,000,000 a 25% interest in the Arab-American Company, Aramco, was sold by the oil companies to the four OPEC nations, with an objective of the national oil companies of each country acquiring a 51% ownership by 1983.[20]
  • In the first exhibition basketball game between the New York franchises of the rival NBA and ABA, the NBA's New York Knicks defeated the ABA's New York Nets, 117 to 88, at New Haven, Connecticut. The next night, the Knicks came to the Nets home court on Long Island and won again, 100 to 91. Both the Knicks and the Nets had been the runners-up in their respective leagues.[21]
  • Born: Grant Hill, American NBA player; in Dallas
  • Died:

October 6, 1972 (Friday)

  • A train crash near Saltillo in Mexico killed 208 people and injured more than 700. The train, carrying more than 1,500 religious pilgrims, derailed near the bridge over the Moreno River. An engineer and four crewmen who survived were found to have been intoxicated, and were charged with homicide.[22]
  • Six schoolgirls, ranging in age from 5 to 11 years old, were kidnapped along with their teacher from their school at Faraday, Victoria. Parents arrived at the school to find a demand for one million Australian dollars (worth US$1,190,000 at the time). The seven escaped from an unguarded van the next day near Lancefield.[23]
  • Died: Solomon Lefschetz, 88, American mathematician who made major contributions to algebraic geometry, topology and differential equations.

October 7, 1972 (Saturday)

October 8, 1972 (Sunday)

October 9, 1972 (Monday)

  • Written by Gerome Ragni, who had scored a Broadway success with the musical Hair, the rock musical Dude: The Highway Life, opened at the Broadway Theatre, Dude was universally reviled by the critics and closed after 16 performances, having lost $800,000. Martin Gottfried described it as "incoherent, childish, and boring".[27]
  • Born: Etan Patz, American boy whose disappearance in 1979 remained a mystery for more than 30 years, in New York. In 2012, a man who had lived in the neighborhood would confess to the crime, although there was no physical evidence to corroborate his statement.[28]
  • Died: Miriam Hopkins, 69, American film and TV actress

October 10, 1972 (Tuesday)

  • With the headline "FBI Finds Nixon Aides Sabotaged Democrats", the Washington Post carried Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward's revelation that the Watergate break-in was not an isolated incident, but part of a campaign by the White House. "The activities, according to information in FBI and Department of Justice files, were aimed at all the major Democratic presidential contenders", the investigative reporters noted, "and—since 1971—represented a basic strategy of the Nixon re-election effort."[29]
  • John Betjeman was appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom.[30]
  • Born: Jun Lana, Filipino playwright and screenwriter, in Makati
  • Died: Kenneth Edgeworth, 92, Irish astronomer[31]

October 11, 1972 (Wednesday)

  • The case of Roe v. Wade was reargued before the United States Supreme Court, after having first been argued on December 13, 1971, before seven Justices. While the initial opinion by Justice Harry Blackmun had simply found the challenged laws against abortion to be "unconstitutionally vague", the revised 1973 Blackmun opinion went further in declaring most restrictions against the right of choice to be unconstitutitional. "Had the Blackmun first drafts in the abortion cases come down as the final decisions", notes one commentator, "American life and politics might have been quite different."[32]
  • The World Hockey Association opened its first season in Ottawa, Canada, as the Alberta Oilers defeated the Ottawa Nationals, 7–4, before a crowd of 5,006 and a Canadian national television audience. Ron Anderson of the Oilers scored the first WHA goal.[33] The last WHA goal would be scored in 1979 by Dave Semenko of the Edmonton Oilers. The other WHA game of the night was in Ohio, where the Cleveland Crusaders beat the Quebec Nordiques, 2–0.
  • Born: Claudia Black, Australian actress, in Sydney[citation needed]

October 12, 1972 (Thursday)

  • A brawl on board the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Kitty Hawk injured 46 people. About 100 black and white sailors fought for hours with knives, forks and chains, before the fight was broken up by a squad of U.S. Marines. Details were released six weeks afterward by the U.S. Navy. The fight began when a sailor asked for two sandwiches at the ship's mess hall and was given only one. Twenty-five men, only one of whom was white, were charged.[34] Of those, 23 African-Americans would be convicted on charges of assault or allowed to plead to lesser offenses, with charges dismissed against one black sailor and the lone white sailor being acquitted after a court-martial.[35]
  • The Dai Gohonzon, inscribed by the Buddhist monk Nichiren (1222–1282) was placed at a special location, 693 years after its inscription. An object of veneration among Buddhists of the Nichiren Shōshū branch of Nichiren Buddhism, the Gohonzon had been inscribed on October 12, 1279, and was placed in the specially constructed Sho Hondo at Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, Japan.[36]
  • Troops from Portugal invaded the West African nation of Senegal, believed to be housing the rebel group Acção Revolucionária Armada (ARA), in an action condemned by the U.N. Security Council.[37]

October 13, 1972 (Friday)

October 14, 1972 (Saturday)

October 15, 1972 (Sunday)

  • In the only verified example of an animal being killed by a meteorite, a cow was killed on a farm near Trujillo, Venezuela.[45]
  • Jackie Robinson made his last public appearance, throwing out the first pitch at Game 2 of the 1972 World Series, in Cincinnati. Before a national television audience, the first African-American to break Major League Baseball's color line 25 years earlier said "I am extremely proud and pleased", "but I'm going to be tremendously more pleased and proud when I look at that third base coaching line one day and see a Black face managing the ball club." Robinson, who had accepted MLB Commissioner Bowie Kuhn's invitation in return for a pledge to recruit African American managers, died nine days later.[46]
  • Died: An-An, 15, famed giant panda, died of old age at the Moscow Zoo.[47]

October 16, 1972 (Monday)

  • At 8:59 a.m., a Cessna 310 took off from the airport at Anchorage, Alaska, for a 3½ hour trip to Juneau for a fundraiser. On board was Congressman Hale Boggs of Louisiana, Majority Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives and former member of the Warren Commission, as well as U.S. Representative Nick Begich of Alaska; Begich's aide, Russ Brown; and pilot Don Jonz, the owner of Pan Alaskan Airways. The men never arrived, and no trace of the plane nor its occupants was found after a massive search that ended on November 27, and their location remains unknown more than 50 years later.[48]
  • Direct deposit by electronic funds transfer made its debut, as a service of several California banks.[49]
  • At 10:30 pm in Rome, two agents of Israel's Mossad shot Wael Zwaiter eleven times as he returned to his apartment building. Zwaiter, suspected by Mossad to have been part of the Black September planning for the Munich massacre, was the first person killed as part of Mossad assassinations campaign.[50]
  • The British soap opera Emmerdale Farm, later simply Emmerdale, telecast its first episode.[51]
  • Ralph Perk, the Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, accidentally set his hair on fire while using a welder's torch for a ribbon-cutting ceremony to open the 1972 American Society for Metals convention at the Cleveland Convention Center. The flames, caused by sparks igniting hair tonic used on him earlier in the day, were quickly put out and Mayor Perk sustained only superficial injuries, but a memorable photograph that was printed in newspapers throughout North America the next day. Perk commented afterward, "This job is more hazardous than I thought."[52]
  • Died: Leo G. Carroll, 85, English actor, best known as Alexander Waverly, the boss of U.N.C.L.E. on The Man from U.N.C.L.E.[53]

October 17, 1972 (Tuesday)

October 18, 1972 (Wednesday)

  • Both Houses of the U.S. Congress voted overwhelmingly to override President Nixon's veto of the Clean Water Act, enacting the $24.6 billion legislation into law. In the early morning, the Senate voted 52–12 for an override, and the House followed later in the day, 247–23.[60] The same day The President confided in a telephone call with Charles Colson regarding the irresponsible nature of Congress in enacting an expensive bill the country could ill afford and the implications such as tax increases that would be necessary to meet the cost.[61]
  • The Soviet Union agreed to pay the United States $722,000,000 over a period of 30 years as repayment for American assistance made to the Soviets during World War II under the Lend-Lease Act.[62]

October 19, 1972 (Thursday)

  • Kinshichi Kozuka and Hiroo Onoda, the last two members of a group of Japanese soldiers who had continued to fight the enemy since the end of the Second World War, set fire to a rice harvest on the Philippine island of Lubang, and then exchanged gunfire with local police. Kozuka was killed, leaving Onoda to fight the war alone.[63] Onoda finally surrendered his sword to his original commanding officer in 1974.[64]
  • With the beginning of a three-day Paris summit meeting, the leaders of the nine members of the recently enlarged European Community came together for the first time.[65]
  • Died: Fred Keenor, Welsh football player (b. 1894)[66]

October 20, 1972 (Friday)

October 21, 1972 (Saturday)

October 22, 1972 (Sunday)

October 23, 1972 (Monday)

October 24, 1972 (Tuesday)

  • Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt, convened a meeting of his armed forces leaders and announced plans to prepare for a limited war with Israel. In August, Sadat had instructed his Minister of War, Field Marshal Muhammad Sadeq to prepare a war plan by October 1. As Sadat related in a memoir later, "At that meeting, I was surprised to find out that Fieldmarshal Sadeq had not reported to the Supreme Council what had ordered him to ... I saw at that meeting one of the military commanders, who was in charge of logistics, raising his hand and askwing what was the decision I was talking about." Sadeq was fired four days later. The attack on Israeli positions in the Sinai Peninsula, known as the Yom Kippur War, would eventually take place on October 6, 1973.[78]
  • Japan's most powerful crime boss, Yoshio Kodama, negotiated a peace agreement between leaders of the various Japanese organized crime syndicates (yakuza), bringing an end to years of bloodshed between the gangs by setting up specific territories in Tokyo and Yokohama for each group.[79]
  • The United States "Act for the Protection of Foreign Officials and Official Guests of the United States" (18 U.S.C. §112) was signed into law. Prior to crimes against foreign diplomats being made a federal offense, jurisdiction had been a matter of the law of the state where the act took place.[80]
  • Died:

October 25, 1972 (Wednesday)

October 26, 1972 (Thursday)

  • "We believe that peace is at hand", American presidential advisor Henry Kissinger announced to the world. Eleven days before the U.S. presidential election, said that the United States and North Vietnam had come to a basic agreement on ending the long running Vietnam War.[85] Privately, President Nixon was outraged at his advisor's unauthorized statement, which Nixon saw as an attempt to take exclusive credit as a peacemaker. Kissinger, on the other hand, noted that North Vietnam had published the text of the agreement and a response was necessary.[86] As it turned out, peace was not quite at hand and a final agreement was not signed until early 1973.
  • General Mathieu Kérékou staged a coup in Dahomey, overthrowing the Presidential Council that had governed the West African nation since 1970. Kérékou changed the nation's name to the People's Republic of Benin as part of a movement toward Marxism–Leninism, but later guided the nation toward democracy.[87]
  • Britain's Local Government Act 1972, a comprehensive reform in local governments in England and Wales, was given royal assent by Queen Elizabeth II [88], reforming numerous historic counties and eliminating two-thirds of local government councils.[89] The law, which would take full effect on April 1, 1974, affected 52 counties (39 in England and 13 in Wales), which became 45 (six metropolitan counties and 39 non-metropolitan counties).[90]
  • Born: Hamdi Ulukaya, Turkish-Kurdish businessman and activist, founder of Chobani, in Erzincan (official birth date)
  • Died: Igor Sikorsky, 83, aviation pioneer who developed the helicopter.

October 27, 1972 (Friday)

October 28, 1972 (Saturday)

October 29, 1972 (Sunday)

October 30, 1972 (Monday)

October 31, 1972 (Tuesday)

  • In the last major loss of American life in the Vietnam War, 22 servicemen were killed when their Chinook helicopter was shot down by a heat seeking missile.[105]
  • Born: Matt Dawson, English national rugby union team player, in Birkenhead[106]

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