Hypoptopomatinae
Subfamily of fishes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae,[2] composed of 32 genera and approximately 265 species.[6] This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species.[7]
| Hypoptopomatinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Otocinclus cocama | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Subfamily: | Hypoptopomatinae C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1890 |
| Genera | |
|
Tribe Hypoptopomatini | |
It has been divided into three tribes, Hypoptopomatini, Neoplecostomini and Otothyrini. However, in a 2005 analysis, Otothyrini was found to not be monophyletic, with its representatives comprising a paraphyletic group in relation to the tribe Hypoptopomatini.[8] More recent phylogenetic evidence shows that Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini, while each are monophyletic tribes, do not form a monophyletic subfamily, and therefore should each be recognized as their own individual subfamilies.[9] Problematically, the most recent Hypoptopomatine genera, Gymnotocinclus and Rhinolekos, were not classified in either of the tribes.[5][10] Gymnotocinclus was subsequently invalidated when it was synonymised with Corumbataia in 2019.[11]
Almost all species of Hypoptopomatinae have a diploid number of 2n = 54; this group is karyotypically very conserved.[12]
Hypoptopomatinae are distributed east of the Andes in South America from Venezuela to northern Argentina.[13] Most of the hypoptopomatine species are usually found at or near the water surface, typically in close association with riverbank vegetation or some subsurface structure.[14]