Palladium on carbon
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Palladium on carbon, often referred to as Pd/C, is a form of palladium used as a catalyst.[1] The metal is supported on activated carbon to maximize its surface area and activity.
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| Names | |
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| Other names
Palladium on carbon, Pd/C, Pd-C | |
| Identifiers | |
| Properties | |
| Appearance | Black powder |
| Solubility | Aqua regia |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Uses
Hydrogenation
Palladium on carbon is used for catalytic hydrogenations in organic synthesis. Examples include reductive amination,[2] carbonyl reduction, nitro compound reduction,[3][4] the reduction of imines and Schiff bases[1] and debenzylation reactions.
Hydrogenolysis
Palladium on carbon is a common catalyst for hydrogenolysis. Such reactions are helpful in deprotection strategies. Particularly common substrates for hydrogenolysis are benzyl ethers:[5]
Other labile substituents are also susceptible to cleavage by this reagent. [6]
Coupling reactions
Palladium on carbon is also used for coupling reactions. Examples include the Suzuki reaction and Stille reaction.[7]
Preparation
A solution of palladium chloride and hydrochloric acid is combined with aqueous suspension of activated carbon. The palladium(II) is then reduced by the addition of formaldehyde.[8] Palladium loading is typically between 5% and 10%. Often the catalyst mixture is stored moist.