Planulozoa
Clade of animals
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Planulozoa is a clade which includes the Cnidaria (corals and jellyfish) and the Bilateria (all the more complex animals including worms, insects and vertebrates).[2][3] The designation Planulozoa may be considered a synonym to ParaHoxozoa. Within Planulozoa, the Placozoa may be a sister of Cnidaria to the exclusion of Bilateria.[4][5][6][7] The clade excludes basal animals such as the Ctenophora (comb jellies),[8][9][3] and Porifera (sponges).[10][11][12] Although this clade was sometimes used to specify a clade of Cnidaria and Bilateria to the exclusion of Placozoa (against the original intention of its proposal), this is no longer favoured due to recent data (several 2018 studies) indicating a sister group relationship between Cnidaria and Placozoa.[13] However, a 2023 study supports Placozoa as sister to Cnidaria+Bilateria in several analyses.[14]
| Planulozoa Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
| |
| Diversity of planulozoans | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Subkingdom: | Eumetazoa |
| Clade: | ParaHoxozoa |
| Clade: | Planulozoa Wallberg et al., 2004 |
| Phyla | |
| |
The phylogenetic tree indicates approximately how many millions of years ago (mya) the lineages split. Here, Planulozoa is shown sans Placozoa.[15][16][17]
Planulozoa are associated with the emergence of the Zoc and ZF-NC gene domains.[18]
.jpg){kind=small}
.jpg){kind=small}
