Pluteus
Genus of fungi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pluteus is a large genus of fungi with over 300 species. They are wood rotting saprobes with pink spore prints and gills that are free from the stem.
| Pluteus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Pluteus cervinus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Pluteaceae |
| Genus: | Pluteus Fr. |
| Type species | |
| Pluteus cervinus | |
| Species | |
|
Pluteus brunneidiscus | |
| Pluteus | |
|---|---|
| Mycological characteristics | |
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is flat or convex |
 | Hymenium is free |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is pink |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is edible or psychoactive |
The Latin word Pluteus means shed or penthouse.[1]
Characteristics of the genus
Characteristics of the Pluteus genus are:[2][3]
- These fungi grow on wood or wood remains.
- The spore powder is deep pink, soon giving a pink tint to the initially pale gills.
- The gills are free from the stipe.
- There is no volva or ring (exception: the rare recently reclassified North American species P. mammillatus, previously Chamaeota sphaerospora).[4]
- Microscopically, they often have abundant, distinctive cystidia. The spores are smooth and roughly egg-shaped.
Pluteus is separated from Volvariella due to the lack of a volva, and from Entoloma by growing on wood and by microscopic features (Entolomas have angular spores).
Naming
The name Pluteus was established in 1837 by the founding mycologist Elias Magnus Fries at a time when agaric mushrooms were first being assigned to different genera. [5]
The Latin word "pluteus" has various meanings related to military protective structures and its signification here may be that of a shield (the shape of the cap). [6] [7] [8]
Remarks on particular species
Some of these mushrooms are edible including P. petasatus and P. cervinus, though most people rate their taste and consistency as average at best.
Pluteus cervinus is the best known species in Europe and North America.
Several species of this genus bruise blue and contain psilocybin[9] including Pluteus brunneidiscus,[10] Pluteus salicinus, Pluteus cyanopus, Pluteus glaucus, Pluteus nigroviridis, Pluteus phaeocyanopus, Pluteus americanus and Pluteus villosus.[11]
