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A Boeing 747 in 1978 operated by Pan Am.

Aviation includes the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. Aircraft include fixed-wing and rotary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well as lighter-than-air aircraft such as hot air balloons and airships.

Aviation began in the 18th century with the development of the hot air balloon, an apparatus capable of atmospheric displacement through buoyancy. Clément Ader built the "Ader Éole" in France and made an uncontrolled, powered hop in 1890. This was the first powered aircraft, although it did not achieve controlled flight. Some of the most significant advancements in aviation technology came with the controlled gliding flying of Otto Lilienthal in 1896. A major leap followed with the construction of the Wright Flyer, the first powered airplane by the Wright brothers in the early 1900s.

Since that time, aviation has been technologically revolutionized by the introduction of the jet engine which enabled aviation to become a major form of transport throughout the world. In 2024, there were 9.5 billion passengers worldwide according to the ICAO. As of 2018, estimates suggest that 11% of the world's population traveled by air, with up to 4% taking international flights. (Full article...)

Selected article

Gliding is a recreational activity and competitive sport where pilots fly un-powered aircraft known as gliders or sailplanes. Properly, the term gliding refers to descending flight of a heavier-than-air craft, whereas soaring is the correct term to use when the craft gains altitude or speed from rising air. After launching glider pilots search for rising air to gain height. If conditions are good enough, experienced pilots can fly many hundreds, or even thousands, of kilometers before returning to their home airfields. However if the weather deteriorates, they must often land elsewhere, but some can avoid this by using engines. While many glider pilots merely enjoy the sense of achievement, some competitive pilots fly in races round pre-defined courses. These competitions test the pilots' abilities to make best use of local weather conditions as well as their flying skills. Local and national competitions are organized in many countries and there are also biennial World Gliding Championships. Powered aircraft or winches are the most common methods of launching gliders. These and other methods (apart from self-launching motor-gliders) require assistance from other participants. Gliding clubs have thus been established to share airfields and equipment, train new pilots and maintain high safety standards. (Full article...)

Selected image

Credit: Alfred T. Palmer
Assembling B-25 bombers at North American Aviation -- Kansas City, Kansas; Reproduction from color slide

Did you know

...that after the Red Baron, French ace René Fonck had the most confirmed World War I aerial victories? ...that the Ryan X-13 Vertijet aircraft landed by using a hook on its nose to hang itself on a wire? ... that the airline Vildanden started its first route with wet leased aircraft from Coast Air?

The following are images from various aviation-related articles on Wikipedia.

In the news

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Selected biography

Francis Stanley "Gabby" Gabreski (Franciszek Gabryszewski) (28 January 1919 - January 31, 2002) was the top American fighter ace in Europe during World War II, a jet fighter ace in Korea, and commanded numerous fighter squadrons, groups, and wings during his Air Force career.

Assigned as a P-40 pilot with the 45th Fighter Squadron of the 15th Fighter Group at Wheeler Field, Hawaii, 2nd Lt. Gabreski witnessed the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, but did not become airborne in time to engage the attackers.

In March 1943 Gabreski became part of the 56th Fighter Group, flying the P-47 Thunderbolt, and in May was promoted to Major and named commander of the 61st Fighter Squadron, which included six Polish nationals as pilots in 1944. He made his 28th kill on July 5, 1944, passing Eddie Rickenbacker's record from World War I to become America's top ace (although several pilots passed him by the end of the war).

Col. Gabreski flew combat again during the Korean War, as commander of the 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing, piloting an F-86 Sabre. He was credited with 6.5 MiG-15 kills, making him one of seven U.S. pilots to be aces in more than one war (the others are Col. Harrison Thyng, Col. James P. Hagerstrom, Major William T. Whisner, Col. Vermont Garrison, Major George A. Davis, Jr., and Lt.Col. John F. Bolt, USMC).

He ended his career as a commander of several tactical and air defense wings, his last assignment being commander of the 52d Fighter Wing at Suffolk County Air Force Base in Westhampton Beach, New York.

Selected Aircraft

The Airbus A340 is a long-range four-engined widebody commercial passenger airplane manufactured by Airbus. The latest variants (-600 & A340E) competed with Boeing's 777 series of aircraft on long-haul and ultra long-haul routes, but it has since been succeeded by the Airbus A350.

The A340-600 flies 380 passengers in a three-class cabin layout (419 in 2 class) over 7,500 nautical miles (13,900 km). It provides similar passenger capacity to a 747 but with twice the cargo volume, and at lower trip and seat costs.

The A340-600 is more than 10 m longer than a basic -300, making it the second longest airliner in the world, more than four meters longer than a Boeing 747-400.

  • Span: 63.45 m (208 ft 2 in)
  • Length: 75.30 m n(246 ft 11 in)
  • Height: 17.30 m (56 ft 9 in)
  • Engines: four 56,000 lbf (249 kN) thrust Rolls-Royce Trent 556 turbofans
  • Cruising Speed: Mach 0.83 (885 km/h, 550 mph)
  • First Flight: October 25, 1991
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Today in Aviation

March 29

  • 2012 – Venezuelan Air Force AS332B1 Super Puma crashes near Chparralito, Venezuela, on an anti-narcotics mission, killing all seven on board.
  • 2011 – A U.S. Marine Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion crashes in Kaneohe Bay, killing one and injuring three crew members.
  • 2011 – A U.S. Navy Lockheed P-3 Orion fires at a Libyan Navy patrol vessel that has launched missiles at merchant ships in the port of Misrata. A U.S. Air Force A-10 Thunderbolt II attacks two smaller Libyan vessels accompanying the patrol vessel, sinking one and forcing the other to be abandoned.[1]
  • 2010 – A Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter of the U.S Army crashed in Forward Operating Base Atgar in the Zabul province of Afghanistan.
  • 2006 – The Sea Harrier was withdrawn from service.
  • 2003 – First flight of the Ullmann 2000 Panther prototype N202 kT
  • 2001 – X-32 B Joint Strike Fighter Concept Demonstration Aircraft makes its first flight.
  • 2001 – In the 2001 Avjet Aspen crash, an Avjet charter flight, a Gulfstream III jet with 15 passengers and 3 crew, crashed on approach into Aspen, Colorado, killing all on board.
  • 1999 – RQ-4 Global Hawk #2 prototype crashes at Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake.
  • 1998 – A Peruvian Air Force Antonov An-32, FAP-388/OB-1388, carrying villagers affected by floods, crashes in Piura, Peru, after engine failure. Of the 55 people on board, 22 are killed.
  • 1996 – First flight of the Lockheed Martin RQ-3 DarkStar
  • 1990 – First flight of the Ilyushin Il-114.
  • 1985 – Two Canadian Forces Lockheed CC-130H Hercules, 130330 and 130331, both of 435 Squadron, crashed after having a mid-air collision over CFB Namao, near Edmonton, Alberta. This is the only dual Hercules mid-air collision.
  • 1981British Airways makes its last Vickers VC10 flight
  • 1979Quebecair Flight 255, a Fairchild F-27, crashed after an explosion in an engine, killing 17 of 24 on board.
  • 1965William Oefelein, American Astronaut, was born. William Anthony “Bill” Oefelein is an American Naval officer and former NASA astronaut. He flew as pilot of the STS-116 space shuttle mission.
  • 1960 – First flight of the Tupolev Tu-124
  • 1959Barthélemy Boganda, the prime minister of the Central African Republic autonomous territory (the future Central African Republic), dies when his plane explodes in mid-air over Boukpoyanga, killing all on board.
  • 1951 – Flight Safety Inc. begins operations at the Marine Air Terminal at LaGuardia Airport, New York, with just one secretary and rented late-night hours on a Link trainer simulator.
  • 1945 – Germany launches the final wartime V2 rocket, soon followed by the end of the war in Europe, and the defeat of Germany.
  • 1944 – (29–30) Bougainville-based Air Solomons (AirSols) aircraft make daylight raids against Japanese bases at Truk Atoll.
  • 1944 – (Overnight) U.S. Kwajalein-based bombers make night attacks on Truk Atoll on four consecutive evenings.
  • 1942 – HMS Eagle makes the third delivery of Spitfires to Malta, flying off seven.
  • 1942 – The production of Spitfire aircraft reached an all-time peak in one day, 134 aircraft.
  • 1942 – (Overnight) In an experiment to see whether a first wave of bombers could start a conflagration in a city center that would guide later waves of bombers to the city during an area bombing attack, 234 British bombers attacked Lübeck, Germany. The experiment succeeds, with the center of Lübeck largely destroyed and over 300 people killed.
  • 1939 – The Curtiss YP-37 enters service with the U.S Army Air Corps
  • 1936 – First flight of the Vought V-141
  • 1920Croydon replaces Hounslow as London's airport
  • 1912Hanna Reitsch, German test pilot, was born (d. 1979). Reitsch was a famous female German test pilot. Several of her later international gliding records are still standing in 2008. Reitsch was born in Hirschberg, Silesia. The daughter of an ophthalmologist, she studied to become a medical doctor and, in 1932, began her aviation career. She was a test pilot on the Junkers Ju 87 Stuka and Dornier Do 17 projects and was one of the few pilots to fly the Focke-Achgelis Fa 61, the first fully controllable helicopter.
  • 1858 – Two men – Brown and Dean – make the first balloon flight in Australia in a hydrogen balloon named the Australasian.

References

  1. "US Aircraft Engage Libyan Coastguard Vessel". Associated Press (via Google News). 29 March 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2011.


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