Pyraclostrobin
Agricultural fungicide, QoI, strobilurin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pyraclostrobin is a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI)-type[1][2][3][4] fungicide[5][6][7][8] used in agriculture.[8] Among the QoIs, it lies within the strobilurin chemical class.[9][8]
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Methyl N-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxycarbamate | |
| Other names
Pyraclostrobine | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.125.533 |
| EC Number |
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| KEGG | |
PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C19H18ClN3O4 | |
| Molar mass | 387.82 g·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
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| Danger | |
| H315, H331, H335, H410 | |
| P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P311, P312, P321, P332+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Use
Pyraclostrobin is used to protect Fragaria,[1][2][3] Rubus idaeus,[2] Vaccinium corymbosum,[2] Ribes rubrum,[2] Ribes uva-crispa,[2] blackberry (various Rubus spp.),[2] and Pistachio vera.[4]
Target pathogens
Pyraclostrobin is used against Botrytis cinerea[1][2][3] and Alternaria alternata.[4]
Resistance
Resistant populations have been identified in:
- Botrytis cinerea on Fragaria in the Carolinas, conferred by the G143A mutation in the partial cytochrome b (CYTB) gene.[1]
- Botrytis cinerea on Fragaria, Rubus idaeus, Vaccinium corymbosum, Ribes rubrum, Ribes uva-crispa, and blackberry (various Rubus spp.) in Northern Germany.[2]
- Botrytis cinerea on Fragaria in Florida.[3]
- Alternaria alternata on Pistachio vera in California.[4]
Geography of use
United States
Pyraclostrobin was widely used throughout the United States As of 2017[update], but especially in the Upper Midwest.[10][11]
Off-target toxicity
Although toxic, and recommended to be avoided by humans, pyraclostrobin is of temporary and low toxicity, that is to say it is merely an irritant[12] of eyes and skin.[8] It does cause some degree of reproductive and developmental failure in mammals[13] but does not absorb well through the skin.[8] It is likely to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.[8]
Residues in diet
Pyraclostrobin does not accumulate in foods to a significant degree.[9]
Biodegradability
Pyraclostrobin is described by one source as not very biodegradable,[9] and by another as possibly significantly biodegradable.[8]