Dentolabial consonant
Consonants articulated with the upper lip and the lower teeth
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In phonetics, dentolabial consonants are the articulatory opposite of labiodentals: They are pronounced by contacting lower teeth against the upper lip. The diacritic for dentolabial in the extensions of the IPA for disordered speech is a superscript bridge, ⟨◌͆⟩, by analogy with the subscript bridge used for labiodentals: thus ⟨m͆ p͆ b͆ f͆ v͆⟩. These are rare cross-linguistically in non-disordered speech, likely due to the prevalence of dental malocclusions (especially retrognathism) that make them difficult to produce,[1] though the voiceless dentolabial fricative [f͆] is used in some of the southwestern dialects of Greenlandic.[2]
͆| Dentolabial | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ◌͆ | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ͆ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0346 | ||
| |||
Dentolabial consonants in the extIPA
The dentolabial consonants listed on the extIPA chart are the following. Complex consonants such as affricates, prenasalized stops and the like are also possible.
The only dentolabial consonant attested in non-disordered speech is the voiceless dentolabial fricative [f͆].
| IPA | Description | Example | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language | Orthography | IPA | Meaning | |||
| m̥͆ | voiceless dentolabial nasal | found in disordered speech | ||||
| m͆ | voiced dentolabial nasal | |||||
| p͆ | voiceless dentolabial plosive | |||||
| ⓘ | voiced dentolabial plosive | |||||
| ⓘ | voiceless dentolabial fricative | Qassimiut Greenlandic | tassa aajufffa | [tasːa aːjuf͆ːˠa] | 'there it is' | [f͆ːˠ] corresponds to /fː/ and /χf/ in the standard language |
| ⓘ | voiced dentolabial fricative | found in disordered speech | ||||