Rapini

Native to Europe, the plant is a member of the tribe Brassiceae of the Brassicaceae (mustard family).^[1] Rapini is classified scientifically as Brassica rapa var. ruvo,^[1] or Brassica rapa subsp. sylvestris var. esculenta.^[2][3][4] It is also known as broccoletti, broccoli raab, broccoli rabe, spring raab, and ruvo kale.^[1] Turnip and bok choy are different varieties (or subspecies) of this species.

Rapini has many spiked leaves that surround clusters of green buds that resemble small heads of broccoli. Small, edible yellow flowers may be blooming among the buds.^[5]

Raw rapini (broccoli raab) is 93% water, 3% each of protein and carbohydrates, and contains negligible fat (table). In a reference amount of 100 g (3+1⁄2 oz), raw rapini supplies 92 kilojoules (22 kilocalories) of food energy, and is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of vitamin K (187% DV), vitamin C (22% DV), and folate (21% DV) (table). Vitamin A, vitamin E, and several B vitamins, along with the dietary minerals, iron and manganese, are in moderate amounts (10–19% DV) (table).

The flavor of rapini has been described as nutty, bitter, and pungent,^[5] as well as almond-flavored.^[8] Rapini needs little more than a trim at the base. The entire stalk is edible when young, but the base becomes more fibrous as the season advances.^[9]

Rapini is widely used in the cuisine of Rome as well as Southern Italy,^[8] particularly in the regions of Sicily,^[10] Calabria,^[11] Campania,^[12] Apulia,^[12][13] In Apulia, their names are either cime di rapa or broccoletti;^[12] in Naples, the green's name is friarielli.^[14] In Campania, it is closely associated with braciole and sausages, such that food writer Arthur Schwartz reports, "it is almost unthinkable to eat [those meats] without a side of [rapini]."^[15] In Portuguese cuisine, grelos de nabo are similar in taste and texture to broccoli rabe.^[16] Rapini is also popular in the Galicia region of northwestern Spain; a rapini festival (Feira do grelo) is held in the Galician town of As Pontes every February.^[17]

Rapini may be sautéed^[12][18] or braised with olive oil and garlic,^[8] and sometimes chili pepper and anchovy.^[12][13] It may be used as an ingredient in soup,^[8] served with orecchiette,^[8][13] other pasta,^[10] or pan-fried sausage.^[11] Rapini is sometimes (but not always) blanched before being cooked further.^[12]

In the United States, rapini is popular in Italian American cuisine; the D'Arrigo Brothers popularized the ingredient in the United States and gave it the name broccoli rabe.^[8] Broccoli rabe is a component of some hoagies and submarine sandwiches; in Philadelphia, a popular sandwich is Italian-style roast pork with locally made sharp provolone cheese, broccoli rabe, and peppers.^[19] Rapini can also be a component of pasta dishes, especially when accompanied by Italian sausage.^[20]

• Brassica juncea - Mustard greens
• Broccolini
• Chinese cabbage
• Collard (plant) - Collard greens
• Gai lan
• Rutabaga