Rotzo Formation

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Sub-unitsTovel Member^[2]

Rotzo Formation
Stratigraphic range: Pliensbachian ~192.30–185.99 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N H Sin. Plie. Toar. A B B C Ox. Ki. Ti. ^[1]
Panorama of the Rotzo area with several of the Outcrops visible: Tonezza mountain at the left, Val d´Assa cliff in the center-front and Campolongo mountain in the right
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Calcari Grigi Group
Sub-units	Tovel Member^[2]
Underlies	Massone Oolitic Limestone
Overlies	Monte Zugna Formation Loppio Oolitic Limestone
Area	Trento Platform
Thickness	250 m
Lithology
Primary	Lithified gray silty marl, gray grainstone, bioturbated/intraclastic/ooidal gray wackestone, mud banks and sand deposits.^[3]
Other	Light-grey to yellowish-grey packstone with oolites, bioclasts, algal lumps, pellets, dasycladacean algae, foraminifera, lituolids, and miliolids
Location
Location	Vicenza Province: Trentino-Alto Adige, Southern Alps
Coordinates	45°42′N 11°06′E / 45.7°N 11.1°E / 45.7; 11.1
Approximate paleocoordinates	32°06′S 16°42′E / 32.1°S 16.7°E / -32.1; 16.7
Region	Veneto
Country	Italy
Type section
Named for	Rotzo
Rotzo Formation (Italy)

The Rotzo Formation (also known in older literature as the Noriglio Grey Limestone Formation) is a geological formation in Italy, dating to roughly between 192 and 185 million years ago and covering the Pliensbachian stage of the Jurassic Period in the Mesozoic Era.^[4] Fossil prosauropod tracks have been reported from the formation.^[5]

Has been traditionally classified as a Sinemurian-Pliensbachian Formation, but a large and detailed dataset of isotopic ¹³C and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr data, estimated the Rotzo Formation to span only over the Early Pliensbachian, bracketed between the Jamesoni-Davoei biozones, marked in the Loppio Oolitic Limestone-Rotzo Fm contact by a carbon isotope excursion onset similar to the Sinemu-Pliens boundary event, while the other sequences fit with the a warm phase that lasts until the Davoei biozone.^[1] A more recent work reinforced this datation, constraining the lowermost levels to 192.30 Ma and the uppermost to 185.99 Ma.^[6] The Rotzo Formation represented the Carbonate Platform, being located over the Trento Platform and surrounded by the Massone Oolite (marginal calcarenitic bodies), the Fanes Piccola Encrinite (condensed deposits and emerged lands), the Lombadian Basin Medolo Group and Belluno Basin Soverzene Formation (open marine), and finally towards the south, deep water deposits of the Adriatic Basin.^[7] The Pliensbachian Podpeč Limestone of Slovenia, the Aganane Formation & the Calcaires du Bou Dahar of Morocco represent regional equivalents, both in deposition and faunal content.

This formation was deposited within a tropical lagoon environment, similar to modern Bahamas which was protected by oolitic shoals and bars from the open deep sea located to the east (Belluno Basin) and towards the west (Lombardia Basin). It is characterized by a rich paleontological content. It is notable mostly thanks to its great amount of big aberrant bivalves, among which is the genus Lithiotis, described in the second half of the nineteenth century. The unusual shape of Lithiotis and Cochlearites shells, extremely elongated and narrow, characterized by a spoon-like body space placed in a high position, rarely preserved, seems to suggest their adaptation to soft and muddy bottoms with a high sedimentation rate.^[8] The Bellori outcrop displays about 20 m of limestones with intercalated clays and marls rich in organic matter and sometimes fossil wood (coal) and amber. The limestones are well stratified, with beds 10 cm to more than one metre thick, whereas the clayey levels range between 3 and 40 cm in thickness.^[9]^[10]

The sedimentary cover of the Southern Alps has been recognized as a well-preserved section of the Mesozoic Tethys' southern continental margin, featuring a horst and graben structure linked to the rifting associated with the opening of the central North Atlantic that in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, created elevated blocks separated by troughs. While the western margin (Piedmont and Lombardy) quickly submerged in the Early Jurassic (As seen by the Moltrasio Formation), the eastern regions maintained shallow water sedimentation, including the Friuli and Trento Platforms, this last one latter evolving into a pelagic plateau, and separated from the Lombardian basin by the Garda escarpment fault system.^[11]

The Early Jurassic Calcari Grigi Group represents the shallow-water sedimentation phase of the Trento Platform, revealing several sites over an area of about 1,500 km². The continuity of dinosaur tracks from the Hettangian-Pliensbachian interval indicates a stable connection between the Southern Alps' carbonate tidal flats and nearby vegetated lands and freshwater sources, although the exact locations of these lands remain uncertain.^[12] Detailed sedimentological studies of the Calcari Grigi Group, particularly the Rotzo Formation, describe it as a shallow subtidal platform with an inner lagoon bordered by oolitic shoals.^[9]

The Coste dell'Anglone ichnosite for example, situated on the margin of this lagoon within a sandy barrier complex, was influenced by pioneer plants like Hirmeriellaceae in semi-arid conditions. Sedimentary structures indicate a shallow water tidal environment with heterolithic stratification pointing to steady flows at low current velocities. The presence of dinosaur tracks and supratidal markers suggests repeated subaerial exposure, contrasting with previous interpretations of the site as fully subtidal.^[12]^[13]

These findings align with the lagoon-barrier island complex scenario, featuring a subtidal ramp gently inclined to the west and an intertidal-supratidal barrier island complex trending approximately N-S, now corresponding to the Mt. Brento-Biaina and Mt. Baldo chains.^[7]^[12]

Amoebae

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

The presence of the families Centropyxidae and Difflugiidae testifies the presence of a mixed marine-terrestrial depositional system, lacking large bodies of water.^[14]

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Centropyxis^[14]	C. sp.	Tonezza del Cimone	Isolated Tests/Shells	A testate amoebae, member of the family Centropyxidae inside Arcellinida.	Extant Centropyxis
Difflugia^[14]	D. sp.	Tonezza del Cimone	Isolated Tests/Shells	A testate amoebae, member of the family Difflugiidae inside Arcellinida.	Extant Difflugia
Pontigulasia^[14]	P. sp.	Tonezza del Cimone	Isolated Tests/Shells	A testate amoebae, member of the family Difflugiidae inside Arcellinida.	Extant Pontigulasia

Foranimifera

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes
Agerina^[15]	A. martana	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Cornuspiridae family
Ammobaculites^[15]	A. coprolithiformis	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the family Ammomarginulininae.
Amijiella^[15]	A. amiji	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Hauraniidae family
Bosniella^[15]	B. oenensis	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Biokovinidae family
Cymbriaella^[16]	C. Iorigae	Monte di Campoluzzo Alpe Alba	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Hauraniidae family
Duotaxis^[15]^[17]	D. metula	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Duotaxidae family
Everticyclammina^[18]	E. praevirguliana	Camporosa Rotzo Monte Cimoncello di Toraro Monte di Campoluzz	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Everticyclamminidae family.
Frondicularia^[19]	F. sp.	Bellori Garzon di Scotto Ponte dell`Anguillara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the family Nodosariinae.
Glomospira^[15]	G. sp.	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the family Ammodiscidae.
Haurania^[15]	H. amiji H. deserta H. ssp.	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara Bellori Garzon di Scotto Ponte dell`Anguillara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the family Hauraniinae.
Kristanita^[20]	K. inflata	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Duotaxidae family
Lituosepta^[15]^[21]	L. recoarensis L. compressa L. ssp.	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara Bellori Ponte dell`Anguillara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Mesoendothyridae family.
Meandrovoluta^[15]^[22]	M. asiagoensis	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Monte Baldo	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Cornuspiridae family
Mayncina^[19]^[15]	M. termieri	Garzon di Scotto Bellori Ponte dell`Anguillara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Mayncinidae family
Orbitopsella^[19]^[15]	O. primaeva O. preacursor O. dubari O. circumvulvata O. spp.	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Campomolon Bellori Ponte dell`Anguillara Sega di Noriglio Rotzo Val d'Assa Monte Gallo	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Mesoendothyridae family.
Ophtalmidium^[15]	O. concentricum O. sp.	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the family Ophthalmidiidae.
Paleomayncina^[15]	P. termieri	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Planiseptinae family.
Pseudocyclammina^[15]	P. liasica P. spp.	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Pfenderinidae family.
Pseudopfenderina^[15]	P. cf. butterlini	Altopiano di Asiago Tonezza del Cimone Altopiano di Folgaria Recoaro Gruppo del Pasubio Monte Baldo Monte Scandolara	Isolated Tests/Shells	A foraminifer of the Pseudopfenderininae family.

Invertebrates

Microfossils of the Rotzo Formation consist of benthic foraminifera, calcareous algae, Ostracoda and coprolites. Foraminifera are mainly benthic agglutinated species belonging to the superfamily Lituolacea (suborder Textulariina), while lamellar and porcellaneous-walled species are very rare.^[23] The bivalve Opisoma excavatum is very common.^[24]

Sponges

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Bauneia^[25]	B. zignoi	Monte Alba Roverè di Velo Rovereto	Imprints	A Demosponge, member of Chaetetidae.
Pseudoseptifer^[25]^[26]	P. beneckei P. waehneri	Lancia refuge Alpe Alba Col Santo Roverè di Velo	Colonial Imprints	A Demosponge, member of Suberitidae. Monospecific assamblages with encrusting and symbiont forms are found abundantly on lagoonal facies, distributed in several stratigraphic horizons.	Modern relative, Aaptos tenta

Anthozoa

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes
Isastrea^[27]	I. sp.	Rotzo	Colonial Imprints	A Scleractinian Coral, member of Montlivaltiidae. This Coral is often found in the Early Jurassic Tethys range, from the Iberian peninsula to Morocco.
Montlivaltia^[28]^[29]	M. trochoidiformis	Rotzo Sega di Noriglio	Colonial Imprints	A Scleractinian Coral, member of Montlivaltiidae.
Oppelismilia^[19]	O. sp.	Rotzo	Imprints	A Scleractinian Coral, member of Oppelismiliidae.
Pinacophyllum^[27]	cf. P. sp.	Rotzo	Colonial Imprints	A Scleractinian Coral, member of Stylophyllidae
Stylophyllopsis^[27]	S. ex gr. rudis	Rotzo	Colonial Imprints	A Scleractinian Coral, member of Stylophyllidae
Synastrea^[27]	S. sp.	Rotzo	Colonial Imprints	A Scleractinian Coral, member of Synastraeidae

Bryozoa

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Orbipora^[30]	O. circumvulvata	Sega di Noriglio	Imprints	A Stenolaematan of the family Aisenvergiidae

Brachiopod

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes
Gibbirhynchia^[31]	G. curviceps	Sospirolo	Isolated Shells	A Rhynchonellidan, member of Gibbirhynchiinae. Unusual genus in the Mediterranean region, more common on NW Europe
Hesperithyris^[28]	H. renieri	Cornacalda Roveredo	Isolated Shells	A Rhynchonellidan, member of Zeilleriidae.
Linguithyris^[31]	L. aspasia	Ballino Sospirolo	Isolated Shells	A Terebratulidan, member of Nucleatidae. Typical Mediterranean region taxon in the Pliensbachian
Liospiriferina^[28]^[31]	L. obtusa L. torbolensis	Cortina d'Ampezzo Sospirolo Torbole Roveredo	Isolated Shells	A spiriferidan, member of Spiriferinidae.
Liothyrina^[29]	L. norigliensis	Rotzo Sega di Noriglio Cornacalda	Isolated Shells	A Terebratulidan, member of Terebratellidae.
Lobothyris^[28]	L. punctata	Cornacalda Roveredo	Isolated Shells	A Terebratulidan, member of Lobothyrididae.
Lychnothyris^[32]	L. rotzoana	Sette Comuni Erbezzo Vajo dell'Anguilla Cimoncello di Toraro Campomolon	Isolated Shells	A Terebratulidan, member of Plectoconchidae. The main Branchiopod locally associated with the local Lithiotid facies, where they formed rare mass occurrences at discrete intervals.
Merophricus^[28]	M. mediterranea	Val d'Assa	Isolated Shells	A Terebratulidan, member of Plectoconchidae.
Plectothyris^[28]	P.? fimbrioides	Cornacalda Roveredo	Isolated Shells	A Terebratulidan, member of Loboidothyrididae.
Prionorhynchia^[31]	P.? flabellum	Cortina d'Ampezzo Sospirolo	Isolated Shells	A spiriferidan, member of Spiriferinidae.
Waldheimia^[28]	W. hexagona	Roveredo	Isolated Shells	A Terebratulidan, member of Terebratellidae.

Bivalves

The Rotzo Formation is known mostly due to its massive bivalve associations of the genera Lithiotis, Cochlearites and Lithioperna that extended all along the Pliensbachian Trento Platform forming mass accumulations of specimens that formed Reef-Like structures.^[33] This fauna appeared after the early Pliensbachian C-cycle perturbation, that triggered the diffusion of the Lithiotis Fauna, noted on the rapid widespread of this biota after the event layers.^[33] All of the genera related with this fauna appeared on the lower Jurassic, and all but one became extinct before the Middle Jurassic.^[19] This "Reefs" had a strong zonation, starting with the bivalves Gervilleioperna and Mytiloperna, restricted to intertidal and shallow-subtidal facies. Lithioperna is limited to lagoonal subtidal facies and even in some low-oxygen environments. Finally Lithiotis and Cochlearites are found in subtidal facies, constructing buildups.^[19] This sections formed various kinds of ecosystems on the Trento platform, where it appeared in branched corals filled with (Spongiomorpha), Domal corals (Stromatoporida), tubular corals, Styllophyllidae corals, unidentified Cerioidea colonial corals, regular echinoid debris, sponges, and the solitary coral Opelismilia sp., with also aggregated snail shells.^[19]

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Astarte^[28]	A. kamarika A. depressaeformis^[29]	Serrada Albaredo Castel Lizzana Rotzo Cornacalda	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Astartidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Avicula^[30]	A. spinicosta	Noriglio	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Aviculidae.
Cardinia^[29]	C. rotzoana	Rotzo	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Cardiniidae.
Ceromya^[29]	C. tirolensis	Sega di Noriglio Cornacalda Rotzo Serrada	Isolated Shells	A piddock, member of Ceromyidae.
Cochlearites^[34]^[35]^[36]^[19]	C. loppianus	Vaio del Paradiso Bellori Vaio dell'Anguilla Campodalbero Pasubio Albaredo Giazzera Valgola Valbona Rotzo Mezzaselv	Isolated & Accumulated shells	An oyster, member of Plicatostylidae. It is one of the Three main bivalves recovered on the Lithiotis Facies, with its accumulations generally overlying megalodontid coquinas.^[35]	Cochlearites
Cucullaea^[28]^[29]	C. cf. hettangiensis	Rotzo Roveredo	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Cucullaeidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Cypricardinia^[29]^[30]	C. incurvata C. sp.	Noriglio Cornacalda Rotzo Serrada	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Trapezidae.
Cyprina^[29]	C. candataeformis C. grandiformis	Rotzo	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Arcticidae.
Eomiodon^[34]^[35]^[37]	E. serradensis E. baroni E. gardeti E. vulgaris	Vaio del Paradiso Bellori Vaio dell'Anguilla Campodalbero Pasubio Albaredo Giazzera Valgola Valbona Rotzo Mezzaselv	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Neomiodontidae. The so-called Eomiodon horizon represents the lower Rotzo Formation, composed of organic-rich marlstones with abundant specimens of this genus, typical of stressed environment with low salinity.^[34] This genus considered an opportunistic shallow infaunal suspension feeder, and the marker genus for brackish environments.^[37]
Gastrochaenolites^[38]	G. messisbugi	Column at Main Post Office of Ferrara, Italy	Clavate, smooth borings	Borings over Opisoma shells	Example of Gastrochaenolites
Gervillia^[30]^[29]	G. buchi G. lamellosa G. volanensis G. mandriolana G. spp.	Vaio del Paradiso Bellori Vaio dell'Anguilla Campodalbero Pasubio Albaredo Giazzera Valgola Valbona Rotzo Mezzaselv Noriglio Cornacalda Serrada	Isolated Shells	An Oyster, member of Bakevelliidae. Found on greater accumulations on lower shale-dominated levels	Specimen of the genus
Gervilleioperna^[34]^[35]^[36]	G. ombonii G. sp.	Vaio del Paradiso Bellori Vaio dell'Anguilla Campodalbero Pasubio Albaredo Giazzera Valgola Valbona Rotzo Mezzaselv	Isolated Shells	An oyster, member of Plicatostylidae. On the Rotzo formation this genus become abundant along rootlets, indicative of a very shallow and restricted lagoon or marsh environment.^[35]	Gervillioperna
Gresslya^[30]^[32]	G. elongata	Vajo dell'Anguilla Cimoncello di Toraro Campomolon Noriglio	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Ceratomyidae.
Gryphaea^[29]	G. mimaeformis	Rotzo	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Gryphaeidae.
Homomya^[28]	H. cf. punctifera	Sega di Noriglio	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Pleuromyidae.
Lima^[28]	L. norigliensis L. choffati L. gigantea	Cornacalda Sega di Noriglio	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Limidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Liostrea^[28]	L. sublamellosa L. sp.	Sega di Noriglio	Isolated Shells	A oyster, member of the family Flemingostreidae.
Lithophaga^[28]	L. tirolensis	Sega di Noriglio	Isolated Shells	A mussel, member of the family Mytilidae.
Lithioperna^[34]^[35]^[36]^[19]	L. scutata L. spp.	Vaio del Paradiso Bellori Vaio dell'Anguilla Campodalbero Pasubio Albaredo Giazzera Valgola Valbona Rotzo Mezzaselv	Isolated & Accumulated shells	An oyster, member of Plicatostylidae. A large bivalve, up to 70 cm length. This genus was found to be a bivalve with a byssate juvenile stage that developed different modes of life on the adulthood depending on the individual density and bottom firmness.^[36]	Lithioperna
Lithiotis^[27]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[19]	L. problematica L. spp.	Altipiano d'Asagio Vaio del Paradiso Bellori Vaio dell'Anguilla Campodalbero Pasubio Albaredo Giazzera Valgola Valbona Rotzo Mezzaselv	Isolated & Accumulated shells	An oyster, member of Plicatostylidae. It is the major Bivalve identified on the formation, and the genus that gives the name to the "Lithiotis fauna".^[35] Its accumulation have had different denominations on literature, such as banks, bioherms, biostromes, bivalve reefs or bivalve mounds.^[35]	Lithiotis
Lucina^[28]	L spp.	Val d'Assa Cornacalda	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Lucinidae.
Modiolus^[28]^[29]	M. tirolensis M. cf. hillana M. cuneataeformis M. alataeformis M. schaurothi M. tirolensis	Rotzo Val d'Assa Val Ghelpa	Isolated Shells	A mussel, member of the family Mytilidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Mytilus^[28]^[34]^[35]^[36]	M. mirabilis M. bittneri M. lepsii M. transalpinus M. cf. pernoides M. spp.	Vaio del Paradiso Bellori Vaio dell'Anguilla Val d'Assa Sega di Noriglio Cornacalda Mandrielle Monte Gaza Ciago bei Verzano Campodalbero Pasubio Albaredo Giazzera Valgola Valbona Rotzo Mezzaselv Monte Gaza Verzano	Isolated Shells	A mussel, member of the family Mytilidae	Extant specimen of the genus
Opisoma^[34]^[35]^[24]	O. excavatum O. menchikoffi	Vaio del Paradiso Bellori Vaio dell'Anguilla Campodalbero Pasubio Albaredo Giazzera Valgola Valbona Rotzo Mezzaselv	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Astartidae. Is considered a genus that evolved from shallow burrowing ancestors, becoming a secondarily semi-infaunal edgewise recliner adapted to photosymbiosis.^[24]
Pachygervillia^[39]	P. anguillaensis P. taramellii	Vaio dell'Anguilla Vajo del Paradiso Val di Sella Viote section	Isolated Shells	An oyster, member of Plicatostylidae.	Pachygervillia
Pachyrisma^[29]	P. (Pachymegalodon) chamaeformis P. vaceki P. trigonalis P. (Durga) crassa P. (Durga) nicolisi P. ssp.	Bellori Between Pedescala and Castelletto Between Ferrazza and Campodalbero Nosellari Chiesa Carbonare Osteria alla Stanga Between Chiesa S.Martino and Zaffoni Between Boccaldo and Pozza Rovereto Leno di Terragnolo Cimoncello di Toraro Campomolon Folgaria Cornacalda	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Megalodontidae.
Pecten^[28]^[29]	P. norigliensis P. textoriformis P. clathrataeformis P. lens P. cf. norigliensis P. cf. spatulatus	Sega di Noriglio Cornacalda Rotzo Mte. Erio	Isolated Shells	A scallop, member of the family Pectinidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Pholadomya^[29]^[32]	P. athesiana P. norigliensis	Vajo dell'Anguilla Sega di Noriglio Cimoncello di Toraro Campomolon Serrada	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Pholadomyidae.	Specimen of the genus
Pinna^[28]^[29]	P. sepiaeformis P. cuneataeformis P. sp.	Rotzo Serrada Roveredo	Isolated Shells	An oyster, member of Pinnidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Placunopsis^[28]	P. italica P. ghelpensis	Val Ghelpa	Isolated Shells	A scallop, member of the family Anomiidae.
Plicatula^[29]	P. rotzoana	Rotzo	Isolated Shells	An oyster, member of Plicatulidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Pleuromya^[30]	P. elegans P. gibbosiformis P. jurassiformis P. cf. elongata	Sega di Noriglio Cornacalda Rotzo Serrada	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Pleuromyidae.
Protodiceras^[32]	P. pumilum P. spp.	Vajo dell'Anguilla Cimoncello di Toraro Campomolon	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Megalodontidae.
Pseudopachymytilus^[34]^[35]^[36]	P. mirabilis P. spp.	Vaio del Paradiso Bellori Vaio dell'Anguilla Campodalbero Pasubio Albaredo Giazzera Valgola Valbona Rotzo Mezzaselv	Isolated Shells	A clam, incertae sedis inside Pterioida. On the Rotzo formation this byssate bivalve indicates a shallow subtidal or intertidal environment.^[36]
Pteria^[32]	P. volanensis	Vajo dell'Anguilla Cimoncello di Toraro Campomolon	Isolated Shells	An oyster, member of Pteriidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Tellina^[28]	T?. cornacaldensis	Cornacalda	Isolated Shells	A clam, member of Tellinidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Unicardium^[29]	U. abbreviatiforme U. zonariaeforme	Rotzo	Isolated Shells	An oyster, member of Unicardiidae.

Ammonoidea

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Androgynoceras^[40]	A. striatum	Vedana near Sospirolo	Shells	An ammonite of the family Liparoceratidae.	Androgynoceras
Charmasseiceras^[40]	C. sp.	Serrada, Folgaria	Shells	An ammonite of the family Schlotheimiidae.
Fuciniceras^[40]	F. suejense F. cornacaldense F. portisi	Fontana di Naole Cornacalda, Rovereto	Shells	An Ammonite of the Family Hildoceratidae	Fuciniceras
Harpophylloceras^[40]	H. eximium	Vedana near Sospirolo	Shells	An Ammonite of the family Juraphyllitidae.
Juraphyllites^[40]	J. libertus	Contrada Ronchi Vedana near Sospirolo	Shells	Type member of the family Juraphyllitidae.	Juraphyllites
Liparoceras^[40]	L. (Becheiceras) bechei	Vedana near Sospirolo	Shells	An ammonite of the family Liparoceratidae.	Liparoceras
Partschiceras^[40]	P. tenuistriatum P. cf. retroplicatum	Vedana near Sospirolo	Shells	An Ammonite of the family Phylloceratidae.
Protogrammoceras^[41]	P. gr. celebratum-italicum P. celebratum P. dilectum	Monte Baldo Vedana near Sospirolo	Shells	An Ammonite of the family Hildoceratidae.

Gastropoda

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Anticonulus^[42]	A. acutus	Certosa di Vedana	Shells	A Top Snail of the family Trochidae.
Aptyxiella^[28]^[29]	A. norigliensis A. spp.	Bellori Between Pedescala and Castelletto Between Ferrazza and Campodalbero Nosellari Sega di Noriglio Chiesa Carbonare Osteria alla Stanga Between Chiesa S.Martino and Zaffoni Between Boccaldo and Pozza Rovereto Leno di Terragnolo	Shells	An snail of the family Nerinellidae.
Ataphrus^[42]	A. (Ataphrus) latilabrus A. (Ataphrus) cordevolensis	Certosa di Vedana	Shells	An snail of the family Ataphridae.
Austriacopsis^[42]	A. austriaca	Certosa di Vedana	Shells	A keyhole limpet of the family Fissurellidae.
Ceritella^[29]	C. rotzoana	Rotzo	Shells	An snail of the family Cerithiidae.
Cerithium^[29]	C. rotzoanum	Rotzo	Shells	An snail of the family Cerithiidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Cylindrites^[29]	C. bullatiformis	Rotzo	Shells	A barrel bubble snail of the family Acteonidae.
Discohelix^[42]	D. excavata	Certosa di Vedana	Shells	An snail of the family Discohelicidae.	Specimen of the genus
Eucyclidae^[42]	Indeterminate	Certosa di Vedana	Shells	Incertade Sedis
Eucyclus^[42]	E. (Lokuticyclus) kericserensis	Certosa di Vedana	Shells	An snail of the family Eucyclidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Emarginula^[42]	E. (Emarginula) vadanaei E. orthogonia	Certosa di Vedana Val d'Arsa	Shells	A keyhole limpet of the family Fissurellidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Globularia^[43]	G. sp.	Tonezza del Cimone	Shells	An snail of the family Ampullinidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Guidonia^[42]	G. pseudorotula	Certosa di Vedana	Shells	An snail of the family Trochonematidae.
Natica^[30]	N. tridentina N. spp.	Albaredo bei Roveredo Noriglio	Shells	A moon snail of the family Naticidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Nerinea^[29]	N. desvoidyiformis N. norigliensis	Rotzo Sega di Noriglio	Shells	An snail of the family Nerineidae.
Neritopsis^[29]^[42]	N. fabianii N. minulaeformis N. spp.	Rotzo Certosa di Vedana Bellori	Shells	An snail of the family Neritopsidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Patella^[30]	P. conoidea P. costata P. (Scurria?) tirolensis	Noriglio Cornacalda Val d'Arsa	Shells	A limpet of the family Patellidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Plectotrochus^[42]	P. sp.	Certosa di Vedana	Shells	An snail of the family Trochidae.
Pleurotomaria^[29]	P. obesaeformis	Rotzo	Shells	An snail of the family Pleurotomariidae.	Specimen of the genus
Proacirsa^[42]	P. (Schafbergia) crenata P. (Schafbergia) zirettoensis	Certosa di Vedana	Shells	An snail of the family Gordenellidae.
Pseudonerinea^[43]	P. terebra	Tonezza del Cimone	Shells	An snail of the family Pseudonerineidae.
Pseudorhytidopilus^[42]	P. detonii	Certosa di Vedana	Shells	A limpet of the family Acmaeidae.
Rissoina^[29]	R. acutaeformis'	Rotzo	Shells	An snail of the family Rissoinidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Tretospira^[29]^[43]	T. tridentina T. morrisiiformis	Rotzo Tonezza del Cimone	Shells	A periwinkle of the family Purpurinidae.
Trochus^[30]	T. sinister	Noriglio	Shells	A top snail of the family Trochidae.	Extant specimen of the genus
Turritella^[29]^[43]	T. rotzoana T. terebra	Rotzo Sega di Noriglio Val d'Assa	Shells	An snail of the family Turritellidae.	Extant specimen of the genus

Echinodermata

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Asteriacites^[44]	A. lumbricalis A. isp.	Coste dell'Anglone dinosaur ichnosite	Star-shaped impressions	An ichnogenus that represents the resting trace resting activity of brittle stars (Ophiuroidea).^[44] The recovered from the Rotzo formation are probably from specimens trapped on tidal changes.^[44]	Asteriacites specimen
Hypodiadema^[30]	H. sp.	Noriglio	Sclerites	A Pseudodiadematidae Euechinoidean
Polydiadema^[45]	P. depressum	Monte Roite	Two specimens (MCV.20/02 and MCV.20/03)	An Emiratiidae Phymosomatoidan.^[45]
Pseudodiadema^[28]	P. roveredanum P. cobellii P. veronense P. spp.	Monte Pombo Sega di Noriglio Albaredo bei Roveredo.	Multiple specimens	A Pseudodiadematidae Euechinoidean

Arthropoda

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Cypris^[30]^[28]	C. rotzoana	Rotzo Sega di Noriglio	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Cyprididae
Eryma^[46]	E. (Phlyctisoma) cf.sinemurianum	Campomolon, Valbona	Slightly deformed Exuvia	An Erymid Decapodan Crustacean. With a total length between 9-10 cm is one of the largest specimens belonging to this species.	Example of Eryma specimen
Klieana^[47]	K. sp.	Tonezza del Cimone	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Cytherideidae. The earliest record of the genus.^[47]
Limnocythere^[47]	L. sp.	Tonezza del Cimone	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Limnocytherinae. High probability to be a new species of Limnocythere.^[47]
Ophiomorpha^[46]^[48]	O. irregulaire cf. O. nodosa O. isp. A O.? isp. B	Campomolon, Valbona	Burrowing and track Ichnofossils	Burrows of Decapodans	Example of Ophiomorpha trace fossil
Phraterfabanella^[47]	P. tridentinensis	Tonezza del Cimone	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Cytherideidae. The assemblage is dominated (>95%) by this taxon.^[47]

Annelida

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Schistomeringos^[49]	S. expectatus	Between Ferrazza and Campodalbero Between Nosellari and Dazio Between Virti and Osteria alla Stanga Between Chiesa S. Martino and Zaffoni	Isolated scolecodonts	A polychaete of the family Dorvilleidae. Unlike the modern counterparts that live in deeper environments, this species is found linked with shallow marine facies	Extant specimen of the same genus
Serpula^[30]	S. spp.	Noriglio Bellori Castelletto Campodalbero Nosellari Chiesa Carbonare Rovereto	Isolated or accumulated tubes	A sessile Annelid of the family Serpulidae.	Example of modern Serpulid Tube

Ichnofossils

On the local limestone deep burrowing is a very common type of biogenic activity, as is shown due to the presence of a large characteristic network of burrows which reach down to the lagoonal, marly-clayey assigned strata, suggesting intense bioturbation by large unknown organisms, perhaps giant decapod crustaceans (probably members of the family Erymidae), although, the burrows found are not closely related to the ones of Shrimps or other decapods, but resemble those of Stomatopoda and Malacostraca.^[48]

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Made By	Images
Chomatichnus^[48]	C. wegberensis	Campomolon, Valbona	Vertical burrows with preserved entrances	Thalassinidean (Callianassa) Serpulidae
Chondrites^[46]^[48]	C. isp.	Campomolon, Valbona	Burrowing and track Ichnofossils	Annelids (Polychaeta) Sipuncula	Example of Chondrites trace fossil
Glossifungites^[48]	G. isp.	Campomolon, Valbona	Infilled abandoned burrows by coarse-grained skeletal debris	Priapulida Serpulidae Siboglinidae Sabellidae Oweniidae
Skolithos^[48]	S. isp.	Campomolon, Valbona	Infilled abandoned burrows by coarse-grained skeletal debris	Polychaetes Phoronidans	Representation of Skolithos along the possible makers .
Thalassinoides^[46]^[48]	T. suevicus T.? isp. B	Campomolon, Valbona Coste dell'Anglone tracksite Bella Lasta tracksite Stol dei Campiluzzi tracksite Tonezza del Cimone Vajo dell'Anguilla	Burrowing and track Ichnofossils	Thalassinidea Several crustaceans (Anomura, Decapoda) Annelids (Polychaeta) Sipuncula Actinopteri Dipnoi	Example of Thalassinoides specimens .

Vertebrata

Chondrichthyes

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Asteracanthus^[50]	A. sp.	Rovereto	Isolated Teeth	A member of the family Hybodontidae.	Asteracanthus
Chimaeriformes^[51]	Indeterminate	Campiluzzi Tunnel Monte Pasubio	Isolated Teeth & Scales	Incertade Sedis
Hybodontiformes^[51]	Indeterminate	Campiluzzi Tunnel Monte Pasubio	Isolated Teeth & Scales	Incertade Sedis
Hybodus^[52]^[51]	H. sp.	Campiluzzi Tunnel Monte Pasubio	Isolated Teeth & Scales First dorsal fin spine	A member of the family Hybodontidae.	Hybodus
Piscichnus?^[48]	P.? isp.	Campomolon, Valbona	Episodic surficial bioturbation	Assigned to mollusc predatory Chondrichthyes (Hybodontidae and Heterodontidae). It also resemble traces left by present day Squatinidae and Guitarfish.^[48]
Strophodus^[51]^[53]^[54]	S. sp.	Campiluzzi Tunnel Monte Pasubio Rotzo	Isolated Teeth & Scales	A member of the family Acrodontidae.

Actinopterygii

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Apomesodon?^[50]^[53]^[54]	A.? bucklandi	Rotzo	Fragment of splenial dentition	A Bony fish of the family Pycnodontidae. Also referred to the genera "Mesodon" and Gyronchus.
Ginglymodi^[51]	Indeterminate	Campiluzzi Tunnel Monte Pasubio	Isolated Teeth & Scales	Previously referred to Semionotiformes and/or the genus Lepidotes.
Gyrodus?^[54]^[55]	G. trigonus? Aff. G.? sp.	Pernigotti Sega di Noriglio	Isolated & semi-articulated material	A Bony fish of the family Pycnodontidae.	Gyrodus
Lepisosteiformes^[51]	Indeterminate	Campiluzzi Tunnel Monte Pasubio	Isolated Teeth & Scales	Previously referred to Semionotiformes and/or the genus Lepidotes.
Lepidotes?^[50]^[53]	L.? spp.	Rovere di Velo Rotzo	Few scales and many teeth, mostly hemispherical	A Bony fish of the family Lepidotidae.	Lepidotes
Pachycormiformes^[51]	Indeterminate	Campiluzzi Tunnel Monte Pasubio	Isolated Teeth & Scales	The oldest record of the family.	Pachycormus, example of Pachycormiform
Pholidophoriformes^[52]^[51]	Indeterminate	Campiluzzi Tunnel Monte Pasubio	Isolated Teeth & Scales	Incertade Sedis
Pholidophorus?^[56]	P.? beggiatianus	Sega di Noriglio	Partial specimen	A Bony fish of the family Pholidophoridae. Has been suggested to be an indeterminate species.^[53]	Pholidophorus
Pycnodontiformes^[50]^[51]	Indeterminate	Campiluzzi Tunnel Monte Pasubio Sega di Noriglio Rotzo	Isolated Teeth & Scales	Previously referred to the genus Pycnodus.
Semionotiformes?^[57]^[58]	Indeterminate	Campiluzzi Tunnel	Isolated Teeth & Scales	Incertade Sedis

Crocodyliformes

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Teleosauridae?^[57]^[58]^[59]	Indeterminate	Monte Pasubio	Isolated Teeth	It was cited the presence of fragmentary and poorly preserved remains of "Teleosauridae?".^[57]	Example of Thallatosuchian, Macrospondylus

Dinosaurs

On the Inter-supratidal levels show that on the Rotzo Formation the tracksites were rarely hit by Storm Waves.^[60] Bella Lastra Tracksite recovers this environment, where the shales present (Where Fish & Crocodrylomorph Remains where found) are filled with plant roots, pollen grains, spores, freshwater ostracodes and the bivalve Eomiodon.^[60] This was deposited mostly on a Lagoonar environment with abundant shed vegetation.^[60] The main local Track record recovers specially Theropoda and Sauropoda, where the Sauropods are the most abundant tracks present (70%), moving the Otozum-like Sauropodomorphs of lower levels, with the climate changing from arid to humid.^[60] The Coste dell'Anglone ichnosite is considered as derived from semi-arid tidal flat deposits, due to the abundance of Cheirolepidiaceae Pollen.^[13] As the Pliensbachian Trento Platform is considered to be formed by a channelized barrier formed by sand, with reiterate tide emersions. The dinosaurs living here probably trampled on the subtidal flats looking for fishes trapped on tidal-derived ponds.^[13]

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Anchisauripus^[13]^[57]^[61]	A. isp.	Coste dell'Anglone tracksite	Footprints	Theropod tracks, type member of the ichnofamily Anchisauripodidae, incertae sedis inside Neotheropoda. All tracks were probably produced by individuals with the same functional anatomy of the hind foot.^[60]	Anchisauripus may belong to a genus similar to Procompsognathus
Kayentapus^[13]^[57]^[61]^[62]	K. ispp.	Coste dell'Anglone tracksite Bella Lasta tracksite Stol dei Campiluzzi tracksite	Footprints	Theropod tracks, member of the ichnofamily Eubrontidae, incertae sedis inside Neotheropoda. The tracks measure 30 cm long and have a distinctive robust digit III.^[60] The Coste dell´Anglone tracksite had a pes with the metatarsal III elongated, as found on Dilophosaurus.^[13]	Kayentapus footprints may belong to a genus similar to Sarcosaurus
Moyenisauropus^[63]^[61]	M. isp.	Marocche di Dro tracksite	Footprints	Thyreophoran tracks, type member of the ichnofamily Moyenisauropodidae, incertae sedis inside Neornithischia. The tracks adscribed share some morphological affinity with those referred to the Ankylosauridae, such as the ichnogenera Metatetrapodus and Tetrapodosaurus, and probably belonged to medium-sized Scelidosaurs or other kind of Thyreophorans.^[63]	Scelidosaurus feet matches with the Moyenisauropus trackmaker
Otozoum?^[63]^[61]	O.? isp.	Marocche di Dro tracksite	Footprints	Sauropodomorph tracks, member of the ichnofamily Otozoidae, incertae sedis inside Sauropodomorpha. It wears morphological and morphometrical appearance that suggests relationships with a "prosauropod" trackmaker.^[63]	The local Footprints of Otozoum may have belonged to a genus similar to that of Lamplughsaura
Parabrontopodus^[64]	P. ispp.	Marocche di Dro tracksite Bella Lasta tracksite	Footprints	Sauropod tracks, type member of the ichnofamily Parabrontopodidae, incertae sedis inside Sauropodomorpha. The larger tracks comprise elliptic pes (L=70 cm; W=50 cm) and subcirluar manus prints (L=33 cm; W=30 cm), what are among the largest known dinosaur tracks of the lower jurassic.^[60]	Local Parabrontopodus resemble the feet of the genus Vulcanodon

Flora

Rotzo Formation nearby land hosted Bahamian-type biomes (San Salvador Island Mangroves in the picture) with nearby "Taxodium swamp"-like coniferous associations dominated by the Pagiophyllum producer

The Rotzo Formation was deposited on a Lagoon on the emerged Trento Platform, leading to a well preserved fossil flora record, collected and studied since the 19th century.^[65] The great level of floral fossilization has even allow to discovery fossil amber on the Bellori section. This amber has allowed to determine that the environment was a shallow tropical lagoon, only a few metres deep, closed seawards by oolitic shoals and bars.^[65] This levels are dominated by a high abundance of Classopollis sp. (Cheirolepidiaceae), associated with dry and wet climates in coastal areas. The abundance of this group of conifers is also proven by the high presence of cuticles of Pagiophyllum cf. rotzoanum.^[66] Beyond this genera, spores are highly diversified, including from Sphenophyta, Selaginellales to Ferns, with abundance (more than 50%) of trilete spores (Deltoidospora), what suggest a good freshwater availability corresponding to a wet climate, proven also by the presence of aquatic miospores of algae such as Botryococcus and Pseudoschizaea.^[65] The climate was arid on some seasons with monsoon months. The abundance of marine fauna on this sediments, including fragments of corals, bryozoans, bivalves, echinoids, and foraminifera, suggest transport from brackish lagoons and marshes, probably occurred during storm events.^[65] Overall data points to a marshy and/or submerged paleoenvironment, comparable to the present-day Taxodium swamp or cypress swamp and a Bahamian-type marine environment in a rather wet monsoonal climate as in the modern southeastern Asia.^[65]^[66] The abundant presence of glossy black charcoal little fragments point to wildfires being a consistent local landscape feature.^[67]

Amber

The Rotzo Formation records one of the few Early Jurassic assamblages with Amber in the world, the nicknamed "Bellori amber" found near the village of the same name.^[68] Made mostly of small droplets of less than 1 mm with exceptionally preserved morphology its likely the amber producing plants were likely not stressed or affected by disease.^[68] Due to the small size animal inclusion have not been found. However various plant materials, identified "mummified wood" and wood tissue are known.^[68] Additionally large amounts of Circumpolles Cheirolepidiaceous pollen, and occasional freshwater algae Pseudoschizaea remains are included.^[68] Several cuticle fragments are attributed to the araucariaceous or Hirmeriellaceae genus Pagiophyllum.^[68] Those lived on a coastal and wet palaeoenvironment similar to the present-day Taxodium swamps with monsoonal seasons as in the modern southern Asia.^[68] More recently, an additional outcrop with amber, located in Vajo dell'Anguilla, was recovered, with again samples in thousands of thin filaments.^[67]

Algae

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Palaeodasycladus^[19]^[62]^[69]	P. fragilis P. gracilis P. mediterraneus P. spp.	Coste dell'Anglone Marocche di Dro Bellori Garzon di Scotto Foza section Chizzola	Imprints	A green alga of the family Dasycladaceae. A reefal algae usually found in carbonate settings along all the Mediterranean	Palaeocladus mediterraneus specimens
Pseudoschizaea^[70]	P. spp.	Bellori village	Miospores	Likely an alga, maybe Euglenid
Sestrosphaera^[69]^[71]	S. liasina	Malga Mandrielle Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Imprints	A green alga of the family Triploporellaceae.
Solenopora^[69]	S. cf. liasina	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Imprints	A red alga of the family Solenoporaceae	Example of Solenopora specimens agreggation
Schizosporis^[69]^[68]^[67]	S. cf. reticulatus S. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Cysts	Affinities with the extant genus Spirogyra (Zygnemataceae)
Thaumatoporella^[69]	T. parvovesiculifera	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Imprints	A green alga of the Thaumatoporellales group. The dominant alga locally

Equisetales

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Calamospora^[68]	C. sp	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Spores	Affinities with the Calamitaceae.
Equisetites^[72]^[73]	E. bunburyanus E. veronensis E. minor	Roverè di Velo Campo Fontana Val d´Assa Pernigotti	Stems	Affinities with Equisetaceae.
Phyllotheca^[72]^[73]	P. brongniartiana P. equisetiformis	Roverè di Velo	Leaf Whorl	Affinities with Phyllothecaceae.	Phyllotheca brongniartiana from the Rotzo Formation

Lycophytes

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes
Aratrisporites^[68]	A. sp	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae.
Camarozonosporites^[69]^[68]	C. cf. heskemensis	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae.
Cabochonicus^[67]	cf. C. carbunculus	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Spores	Affinities with Selaginellaceae
Densosporites^[69]^[68]	D. fissus D. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Affinities with Selaginellaceae
Foveosporites^[69]^[68]	F. visscheri F. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores.	Affinities with Selaginellaceae
Horstisporites^[69]^[67]	H. harrisii	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Spores	Affinities with Selaginellaceae
Hughesisporites^[67]	cf. H. orlowskae	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Spores	Affinities with Selaginellaceae
Leptolepidites^[69]^[68]^[67]	L. cf. major L. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae.
Limbosporites^[68]	L. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae.
Lycopodiumsporites^[69]^[68]^[67]	L. semimuris L. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae.
Retitriletes^[69]^[67]	R. semimuris	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae.
Retusotriletes^[69]^[67]	R. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae.
Trileites^[69]^[67]	cf. T. murrayi	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Spores	Affinities with Selaginellaceae

Pteridophytes

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Accincitisporites^[69]^[67]	A. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Spores	Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta
Auritulinasporites^[69]^[68]	A. scanicus	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta
Baculatisporites^[69]^[68]	B. comaumensis B. sp	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Affinities with the family Osmundaceae.
Concavisporites^[69]^[68]	C. crassexinius C. sp. A C. sp. B C. sp. C	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta
Coniopteris^[73]^[74]	C. hymenophylloides	Rotzo	Fronds	Affinities with Polypodiales.
Danaeites^[72]^[73]	D. heeri D. brongniartiana	Rotzo Val d´Assa Bienterle Selva di Progno	Fronds	Affinities with Marattiales.
Deltoidospora^[69]^[68]	D. minor D. toralis D. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta
Dictyophyllum^[72]^[73]	D. sp.	Roverè di Velo	Fronds	Affinities with Dipteridaceae.
Gleichenites^[72]^[73]	G. elegans	Roverè di Velo	Fronds	Affinities with Gleicheniaceae.
Hymenophyllites^[72]^[73]	H. leckenbyi	Roverè di Velo	Fronds	Affinities with either Dicksoniaceae or Polypodiidae. Similar to the genus Coniopteris.
Ischyosporites^[69]^[68]	I. variegatus I. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta
Laccopteris^[72]^[73]	L. rotzana	Rotzo	Fronds	Affinities with Matoniaceae.
Lycopodiacidites^[69]^[68]	L. cerebriformis L. regulatus L. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Affinities with the Ophioglossaceae.
Marzaria^[72]^[73]	M. paroliniana	Roverè di Velo	Fronds	Affinities with Matoniaceae.	Marzaria paroliniana from the Rotzo Formation
Matonidium^[72]^[73]	M. rotzoana	Roverè di Velo	Fronds	Affinities with Matoniaceae.
Phlebopteris^[72]^[73]	P. polypodioides	Val d´Assa	Fronds	Affinities with Matoniaceae.
Protorhipis^[72]^[73]	P. asarifolia	Roverè di Velo	Fronds	Affinities with Dipteridaceae. A rather lower Fern, with great resemblance with the modern genus Dipteris.
Skarbysporites^[69]^[68]^[67]	S. puntii S. elsendoornii S. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta
Tigrisporites^[69]^[68]^[67]	T. jonkeri T. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta
Todisporites^[69]^[68]^[67]	T. minor T. cinctus T. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Affinities with the family Osmundaceae.
Trachysporites^[69]^[68]^[67]	T. fuscus	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Spores	Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta
Verrutriletes^[69]	cf.V. compostipunctatus	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Spores	Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta

Corystospermales

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Alisporites^[68]	A. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Spores	Affinities with Corystospermales and Peltaspermales
Cycadopteris^[72]^[75]^[76]	C. brauniana C. heerii C. heterophylla	Valle Zuliani Rotzo Roverè di Velo Albaredo	Fronds	Affinities with Corystospermaceae. On the Roverè di Velo collection, C. brauniana is the most common Frond found.	Cycadopteris brauniana and Cycadopteris sp., both recovered from different locations of the Rotzo Formation
"Cyclopteris"^[72]^[73]	"C." minor	St. Bortolomeo	Fronds	Affinities with Corystospermaceae.
Dichopteris^[72]^[73]	D. rhomboidalis D. paroliniana D. angustifolia D. visianica D. micophylla	Roverè di Velo Val d´Assa Val Juliani Val Salorno	Fronds	Affinities with Corystospermaceae. Represents the largest "Seed Fern" Leaf in the fossil record, with leaves up to 70 cm, having an habit resembling the extant angiosperm Nypa fruticans.^[77]	Dichopteris visianica from the Rotzo Formation

Caytoniales

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Pseudosagenopteris^[72]^[73]	P. angustifolia	Roverè di Velo	Leaflets	Affinities with Caytoniaceae.
Sagenopteris^[72]^[73]	S. reniformis S. goeppertiana S. nilssoniana	Roverè di Velo	Leaflets	Affinities with Caytoniaceae.	Sagenopteris nilssoniana from the Rotzo Formation
Vitreisporites^[69]^[68]^[67]	V. pallidus	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Pollen	Affinities with the family Caytoniaceae.

Erdtmanithecales

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Eucommiidites^[69]^[68]	E. troedssoni	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Pollen	Type pollen of the Erdtmanithecales, related to the Gnetales.

Cycadophyta

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes
Androstrobus^[78]	A. ssp.	Roverè di Velo Rotzo	Reproductive structure	Incertade sedis inside Cycadophyta.
Apoldia^[73]	A. tenera	Roverè di Velo Rotzo	Leaflets	Incertade sedis inside Cycadophyta.
Chasmatosporites^[68]	C. sp	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Pollen	Affinities with the family Zamiaceae. Was found to be similar to the pollen of the extant Encephalartos laevifolius.^[79]
Cycadopites^[69]^[68]	C. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Pollen	Affinities with the family Cycadaceae.
Cycadospadix^[78]	C spp.	Roverè di Velo Rotzo	Reproductive structure	Incertade sedis inside Bennettitales or Cycadophyta

Bennettitales

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Blastolepis^[78]^[80]	B. otozamitis B. acuminata	Roverè di Velo Rotzo	Reproductive structure	Incertade sedis inside Bennettitales.
Cycadeospermum^[78]	C spp.	Roverè di Velo Rotzo	Reproductive structure	Incertade sedis inside Bennettitales or Cycadophyta
Deltolepis^[73]^[76]	D. mitra	Rotzo	Reproductive structure	Incertade sedis inside Bennettitales or Cycadophyta
Lomatopteris^[72]^[73]	L. jurensis	Roverè di Velo	Fronds	Incertade sedis inside Bennettitales.	Lomatopteris jurensis from the Rotzo Formation
Otozamites^[75]^[73]^[76]	O.bunburyanus O. veronensis O. vicentinus O. mattiellianus O. nathorstii O. feistmantelii O. molinianus O. massalongianus O. spp.	Roverè di Velo Rotzo Val d´Assa M. Pernigotti S. Bortolomeo	Pinnate leaf fragments	Affinities with Williamsoniaceae. Otozamites is among the most abundant flora genus recovered on some of the levels.	Otozamites bunburyanus from the Rotzo Formation
Pterophyllum^[75]^[73]	P. venetum P. platyrachis	Roverè di Velo Rotzo Vall d´Assa M. pernigotti Scandolara	Leaflets	Affinities with Williamsoniaceae.
Ptilophyllum^[75]^[73]^[76]	P. grandifolium P. triangulare P. spp.	Roverè di Velo	Leaves	Affinities with Williamsoniaceae. Was previously ascribed to Pachypteris visianica and Cycadopteris brauniana.	Ptilophyllum grandifolium from the Rotzo Formation
Sphenozamites^[75]^[73]	S. rossii S. spp.	Roverè di Velo	Leaflets	Affinities with Williamsoniaceae.
Weltrichia^[75]^[73]	W. oolithica W. sp.	Roverè di Velo Selva di Progno	Bennettite "Flower"	Affinities with Williamsoniaceae.
Wielandiella^[80]^[81]	W. angustifolia	Roverè di Velo	'strobilus'	Affinities with Williamsoniaceae.
Williamsonia^[75]^[73]	W. italica	Monte raut Roverè di Velo	Bennettite "Flower"	Affinities with Williamsoniaceae.	Williamsonia italica from the Rotzo Formation
Zamites^[75]^[73]	Z. goepperti Z. ribeiroanus Z. rotzoanus	Rotzo M. pernigotti S. Bortolomeo	Leaflets	Incertade sedis inside Bennettitales.

Ginkgoopsida

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Monosulcites^[68]^[67]	M. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Pollen	Affinities with the family Karkeniaceae and Ginkgoaceae.
Trevisania^[72]^[82]	T. furcellata	Val d´Assa	Leaves	Affinities with the genus Trichopitys, as probably a member of Karkeniaceae, with strong resemblance with the genus Baiera, lumped in some papers as Baiera lindleyana.	Baiera a taxon that has been said to include Trevisania

Conifers

Genus	Species	Provenance	Material	Notes	Images
Brachyphyllum^[82]^[75]^[76]	B. tropidimorphyrn B. graciliforme B. kendallianum B. appropinquatum B. praetermissum	Roverè di Velo Pernigotti Boca di Trappola Rotzo Valle Zulliani	Branched shoots Isolated leaves	Affinities with Araucariaceae or Cheirolepidiaceae. Brachyphyllum tropidimorphyrn shows close resemblance between African and Venetian conifers and its distribution suggests a lowland araucarian forest.^[83]	Brachyphyllum kendallianum from the Rotzo Formation
Classopollis^[69]^[68]	C. sp C. classoides C. meyeriana C. torosus	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla Pedescala-Castelletto Ferrazza-Campodalbero Dazio-Chiesa-Zaffoni-Rovereto Buse-Nosellari-Dazio-Carbonare Virti-Osteria Boccaldo-Pozza Leno di Terragnolo	Pollen	Affinities with the Hirmeriellaceae.
Dactylethrophyllum^[82]^[75]^[76]	D. peristictum	Scandolara	Branched shoots	Affinities with the Hirmeriellaceae.
Desmiophyllum^[72]^[76]	D. zeillerianum D. rigidum	Roverè di Velo Valle Zuliani	Isolated leaves	A possible Conifer leaf. Was suggested to have affinities with Czekanowskiales, sometimes found inside Ginkgoopsida, yet recent finds of it associated with the cone genera Sphaerostrobus and Ourostrobus points to a coniferophyte affinity, maybe as a member of Palissyaceae.^[84]
Elatocladus^[82]	E. zignoi E. veronensis cf. E. sp.	Roverè di Velo Val d´Assa Rotzo	Branched shoots	Affinities with Cupressaceae. Arboreal plants similar to the modern genus Cunninghamia.	Elatocladus zignoi from the Rotzo Formation
Granuloperculatipollis^[68]	G. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Pollen	Affinities with the Hirmeriellaceae.
Pagiophyllum^[66]^[75]^[82]^[76]	P. rotzoanum P. vicentinum P. veronense P. magnipapillare P. valdassense P. robustum P. revoltinum	Roverè di Velo Val d´Assa Rotzo Pernigotti Monte Carpani	Isolated Leaves Branched Shoots Cuticles	Affinities with Araucariaceae or Cheirolepidiaceae. One of the specimens was assigned to Otozamites massalongianus.	Pagiophyllum rotzoanum from the Rotzo Formation
Pelourdea^[72]^[73]	P. megaphylla	Roverè di Velo Val d´Assa Rotzo Scandolara Squaranton Bienterle	Isolated Leaves Pollen Organ	Incertae sedis inside Coniferales, initially identified as "Yuccites schimperianus", suggested as a member of its own family, the "Pelourdeaceae". A hygrophytic riparian conifer with herbaceous or shrubby habit.
Perinopollenites^[68]^[67]	P. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Pollen	Affinities with the family Cupressaceae.
Pinuspollenites^[68]^[67]	P. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Pollen	Affinities with the family Pinaceae.
Spheripollenites^[69]^[68]^[67]	S. sp.	Bellori Ponte Basaginocchi Vajo dell'Anguilla	Pollen	Affinities with the Hirmeriellaceae.
Stachyotaxus^[75]^[82]	S. spp.	Valle Zuliani Roverè di Velo	Branched shoots	Affinities with Palyssiaceae. Extinct group conifer leaves with similarities with Sequoia or Amentotaxus. Maybe Includes the species "Taxites vicentina".	"Taxites vicentina"