Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
Protein found in humans
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (symbol α1AC,[5] A1AC, or a1ACT) is an alpha globulin glycoprotein that is a member of the serpin superfamily. In humans, it is encoded by the SERPINA3 gene.
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| Aliases | SERPINA3, AACT, ACT, GIG24, GIG25, serpin family A member 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 107280; MGI: 98377; HomoloGene: 111129; GeneCards: SERPINA3; OMA:SERPINA3 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Function
Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin inhibits the activity of certain enzymes called proteases, such as cathepsin G that is found in neutrophils, and chymases found in mast cells, by cleaving them into a different shape or conformation. This activity protects some tissues, such as the lower respiratory tract, from damage caused by proteolytic enzymes.[6]
This protein is produced in the liver, and is an acute phase protein that is induced during inflammation.
Clinical significance
Deficiency of this protein has been associated with liver disease. Mutations have been identified in patients with Parkinson disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.[7]
Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is also associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease as it enhances the formation of amyloid-fibrils in this disease.[6]
Interactions
See also
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin, another serpin that is analogous for protecting the body from excessive effects of its own inflammatory proteases
