STZ-5
Soviet military tractor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The STZ-5 artillery tractor was a product of the Stalingrad Tractor Factory (STZ) (Russian: Сталинградский тракторный завод) from 1937 to 1942 in the Soviet Union. The tractor was designed to tow division to corps level guns and howitzers of 8 tonnes and less. The STZ-5 was one of the few artillery tractors specifically designed by the Soviet government for its role. With over 9900 built, it was the most-produced Soviet ‘military’ tractor during the war.
| STZ-5 | |
|---|---|
 STZ-5 captured by Hungarian army, 1943 | |
| Type | Prime mover |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1937 – 1945[1] |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | STZ (Stalingradsky Traktorny Zavod)[1] |
| Produced | 1937 – 1942[1] |
| No. built | 9944[1] |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 5,840 kg (5.75 long tons) |
| Length | 4.15 m (13.62 ft)[1] |
| Width | 1.855 m (6.09 ft)[1] |
| Height | 2.36 m (7.74 ft)[1] |
| Engine | 1MA (7.46 L In-line 4 cylinder petrol)[1] 39 kW (52 hp) at 1250 rpm.[1] |
| Payload capacity |
|
| Ground clearance | |
Operational range | 145 km[1] |
| Maximum speed | 25 km/h[1] |
Description
The STZ-5 features a fully enclosed metal, two person crew compartment (cab over engine design) with a flat wood cargo bed with drop down wood side walls. The MA-1 multifuel engine (7.4 L. 4 in-line cylinders) was rated at 52HP (38.8 kW) at 1250 rpm. The STZ-5 was rated to carry 1.5 tonnes of cargo on its bed or tow 8 tonnes or less. Under optimum conditions its 6 gear transmission (5 forward, 1 reverse) could yield a maximum speed of 25 km/h (15 mph). It had an operational range of 140 km.
Development
The STZ-5 was designed at the Stalingrad tractor factory with initial work on the project beginning in 1933. The designers borrowed elements and ideas from the British Vickers-Carden-Loyd light tank and the American International Harvester TA-40 agricultural tractor. Their design goal was to achieve a vehicle capable of acting as a military (towing) tractor and a civilian agricultural tractor. They developed two vehicles on the same chassis and engine, the STZ NATI 1TA (STZ-3) agricultural tractor and the STZ NATI 2TB (STZ-5) military transport. The vehicles were submitted for trial in 1935 and were approved however design refinements for mass production were continued until 1937 when mass production began.
Operational history
The STZ-5 was designated to tow division level to corps level guns, howitzers and anti-aircraft guns.
This prime mover was praised for its reliability and good cross country ability. It was criticized for having low power, a narrow track and high ground pressure, which would have led to poor performance in snow and mud.
During the Siege of Odessa in 1941, the STZ-5 was used to make the improvised NI tank.[2][3]
A small number of these vehicles had the 132mm rocket launcher system attached (BM-13-16).[4] While not a common Soviet weapon system these variants of the STZ-5 were used at the battles around Moscow in 1941 and Stalingrad in 1942.
The German army readily pressed captured STZ-5 tractors into service and designated them as the Artillerieschlepper STZ 601(r).
