Stannane
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stannane /ˈstæneɪn/ or tin hydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SnH4. It is a colourless gas that ignites on contact with air. SnH4 is a heavy analogue of methane but much less robust. In contrast to this rarely used species, stannane also refers to a large collection of organotin compounds.
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
Stannane | |||
| Other names
tin tetrahydride tin hydride tin(IV) hydride | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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PubChem CID |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| SnH4 | |||
| Molar mass | 122.71 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | colourless gas | ||
| Density | 5.4 g/L, gas | ||
| Melting point | −146 °C (−231 °F; 127 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −52 °C (−62 °F; 221 K) | ||
| Structure | |||
| Tetrahedral | |||
| 0 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
1.262 kJ/(kg·K) | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
162.8 kJ/mol | ||
Enthalpy of vaporization (ΔfHvap) |
19.049 kJ/mol | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related organotins |
tributylstannane (Bu3SnH) | ||
Related compounds |
Methane Silane Germane Plumbane | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Preparation and reactions
Stannane can be prepared by the reaction of SnCl4 and lithium aluminium hydride according to the following idealized equation:[1]
- SnCl4 + Li[AlH4] → SnH4 + LiCl + AlCl3
Stannane decomposes slowly at room temperature to give metallic tin and hydrogen.[1]
- SnH4 → Sn + 2H2
Organotin hydrides are more stable, e.g. triphenyltin hydride, also known as triphenylstannane.
Occurrence in industry
The volatility of stannane is potentially relevant to production of microchips.[2]