Sultan Khalil
Sultan of the Aq Qoyunlu in 1478
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Sultan Khalil Mirza (Persian: سلطان خلیل میرزا) was an Aq Qoyunlu Governor of the province of Fars, and briefly Sultan of the Aq Qoyunlu State, ruling from 6 January 1478 to July 1478.[3]
| Sultan Khalil | |
|---|---|
Contemporary depiction of Sultan Khalil, in a miniature from the manuscript of Divan of Hidayat (1478).[1] | |
| Sultan of the Aq Qoyunlu | |
| Reign | 6 January 1478 – July 1478 |
| Predecessor | Uzun Hasan |
| Successor | Ya'qub Beg |
| Died | June 15, 1478 Near Khoy |
| Spouse | daughter of Suhrab b. Shaykh-Hasan.[2] |
| Father | Uzun Hasan |
| Mother | Seljuk Shah Begum |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Life
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He was son of Uzun Hasan and Seljuk Shah Khatun. He was Governor of Shiraz for his father during the decade from 1468 to 1478, following the Aq Qoyunlu capture of Shiraz by Uzun Hasan in 1468-69. He was succeeded as Governor of Shiraz by Alvand Beg, from 1478 until 1497.[5]
He was appointed as the governor of the Persian province of Fars during his princely years (early 1470s-1478).
In his early years, he had a fight with his brothers and uncle for the throne. He captured his younger half-brother Maqsud Beg (son of Despina Khatun) and executed him. His other younger full brothers Yaqub Beg and Yusuf Beg were exiled.
He was enthroned as the new Sultan of the Aq Qoyunlu when his father, Uzun Hasan, died on January 6, 1478. In the same year, he defeated his uncle Murat Bey Bayandur and reached the height of his power.
His younger brother Sultan Yaqub led a military rebellion against him, and defeated him in battle near the town of Khuy, northwest of Tabriz. On the order of Sultan Yaqub, he was executed (June 15, 1478) on a Monday.[6]
His half-brother Ughurlu Muhammad was taken by Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II and married his daughter Gevherhan Hatun. Their son Ahmad Beg finally took the throne but died in battle shortly after.
Literary works
Several manuscripts are dated to the time Sultan Khalil was Governor of Shiraz in 1468-1478, following the Aq Qoyunlu capture of Shiraz by his father Uzun Hasan in 1468, such as a Divan (Collected Works) of Ali-Shir Nava'i (1471).[7] A Tabriz manuscript dedicated to him in 1478 is also known.[8] Sultan Khalil is also known to have worked on a copy of the Khamsa of Nizami while in Tabriz.[9][10]
Khalil also appears in person in an illustrated manuscript of the Diwān of Hidayat (1478), written in Azarbayjani Turkish.[1][11] The manuscript contains several depictions of Khalil during various activities, such as holding court in a garden, giving audience from his palace balcony, on a hawking expedition, and relaxing in a vinery. It displays typical Turkman figures with small rounded faces.[1]
Family
It is known that he has two sons from an unknown woman.[citation needed]
- Ebül Meali Ali Mirza
- Elvend Mirza
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