Talk:Assembloid
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Request for corrections: Historical timeline and citations
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I am requesting this edit because I am an employee of IMBA (Institute of Molecular Biotechnology) and believe it is appropriate for a neutral third party to review these corrections.
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I have noticed that the current history section of this article attributes the development of organoid fusion solely to the Pașca lab and claims the term "assembloid" was coined in 2017. While this is a common misconception, the 2017 paper makes no mention of the term “assembloid” WP:FAILEDVERIFICATION. Secondary sources (reviews by Qian et al. 2019 and Watanabe et al. 2020) establish that the technology was developed simultaneously by three independent laboratories (Pașca, Knoblich, and Park) in 2017. The term "assembloid" was not coined until 2018. I propose the following 3 changes to restore historical accuracy and Neutral Point of View (WP:NPOV), supported by these secondary sources, and to reduce reliance on primary literature. I also propose separating the generation of Assembloids into two sections (History and Generation...) to improve the clarity of the page. 1. Update Lead Section: Establish the 2017 simultaneous development and fix the reference to the term coining. An assembloid is a 3D in vitro cell culture model formed by the integration of at least one organoid with another organoid, spheroid, or specific cultured cell type to recapitulate structural and functional properties of an organ. They are typically derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Assembloids have been used to study cell migration, neural circuit assembly, neuro-immune interactions, metastasis, and other complex tissue processes.[1][2] The methodology for fusing regionalised organoids was established in 2017 through simultaneous work by the laboratories of Sergiu P. Pașca, Jürgen Knoblich, and In-Hyun Park.[3][4][5][6] The term "assembloid" was subsequently proposed in 2018 to standardise the nomenclature for these multi-component systems.[2] 2. Update "History" and "Generation" Sections: Separate the historical discovery from the technical generation method. HistoryThe development of assembloids emerged from the need to model complex tissue interactions that single-region organoids could not capture. In 2017, methods for fusing regionally specified organoids were described independently by three laboratories (Pașca, Knoblich, and Park).[6][7] These approaches demonstrated the fusion of dorsal and ventral forebrain spheroids/organoids (Birey et al.; Bagley et al.) or the fusion of MGE-specified organoids (Xiang et al.).[3][4][5] While these studies established the underlying technology, they originally used terms such as "Fused Organoids" or "Assembled spheroids." The term "assembloid" was coined in 2018 by Sergiu Pașca to unify the nomenclature.[2] This terminology was formally adopted in 2022 by a field-wide consensus group to encompass these fused systems.[1] Generation of assembloidsAssembloid formation starts with the generation of organoids. Initially, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) are aggregated to generate regionalised organoids through directed differentiation.[2] There are multiple ways in which organoids can be assembled. Regionalised organoids can be placed in close proximity, resulting in their fusion to generate multi-region assembloids. Alternatively, organoids can be assembled by co-culture with other cell lineages, such as microglia or endothelial cells, or with tissue samples from animal dissection, leading to multi-lineage assembloids. Lastly, organoids can be assembled with morphogenic or organiser-like cells, thus generating polarised assembloids. 3. Addition to "Types" section: Add non-neural examples (Bladder/Gastrointestinal) which are currently missing. Endodermal and mesodermal assembloids While initial assembloid models focused on the nervous system, the technology has been adapted to model complex epithelial-stromal interactions in other organs. Bladder Assembloids: In 2020, Kim et al. (Park Lab) generated bladder assembloids by assembling pluripotent stem cell-derived urothelium with stromal and muscle components. Unlike neural models, which often fuse similar tissue types, this approach integrated three distinct lineages to successfully recapitulate the multi-layered architecture of the bladder. These assembloids have been used to study urothelial carcinoma (bladder cancer) and tissue regeneration.[8] Gastrointestinal Models: Multi-lineage assembly has also been used to introduce mesenchymal niches to intestinal organoids. For example, fusing epithelium with mesenchymal cells improves the maturation of the organoids and allows for the modelling of inflammatory responses and crypt-niche interactions.[9] TMinch (talk) 10:56, 29 January 2026 (UTC) |
Not done: The {{edit semi-protected}}template is for requesting changes to semi-protected pages. For conflict of interest requests, please use{{Edit COI}}instead. {{GearsDatapack|talk|contribs}} 11:00, 29 January 2026 (UTC)
