Thomas Ravenscroft

Little is known of Ravenscroft's early life. He probably sang in the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral from 1594, when a Thomas Raniscroft was listed on the choir rolls and remained there until 1600 under the directorship of Thomas Giles. He received his bachelor's degree in 1605 from Cambridge.^[2]

Ravenscroft's principal contributions are his collections of folk music, including catches, rounds, street cries, vendor songs, "freeman's songs" and other anonymous music, in three collections: Pammelia (1609), Deuteromelia or The Second Part of Musicks Melodie (1609) and Melismata (1611), which contains one of the best-known works in his collections, The Three Ravens. Some of the music he compiled has acquired extraordinary fame, though his name is rarely associated with the music; for example "Three Blind Mice" first appears in Deuteromelia.^[3] He moved to Bristol where he published a metrical psalter (The Whole Booke of Psalmes) in 1621.

As a composer, his works are mostly forgotten but include 11 anthems, 3 motets for five voices and 4 fantasias for viols.

As a writer, he wrote two treatises on music theory. The Briefe Discourse of the True (but Neglected) Use of Charact'ring the Degrees (London, 1614) includes 20 songs as examples: seven by John Bennet, two by Edward Pearce and the rest by Ravenscroft himself. Of these, the group of dialect songs 'Hodge und Malkyn' from the fifth a final section was nominated by Jeffrey Mark as the earliest example of a song-cycle in English music history.^[4] There is also A Treatise of Musick, which remains in manuscript (unpublished).

• Hark the glad sound! the Saviour comes (to the words of Philip Doddridge)
• The Alternative version of 'Dundee' hymn tune, 1615: Melody in the tenor part, harmonised, 1621.
• 'Lord, in thy name thy servants plead', tune 'Lincoln' from Ravenscroft's Psalter, words by John Keble, New English Hymnal 126