Timeline of Bern
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Bern, Switzerland.
Prior to 19th century
- 2nd-3rd century CE - Roman settlement abandoned.[1]
- 1191 - Bern set up as military outpost by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.[2]
- 1218 - Bern becomes a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.[3]
- 1219 - Zytglogge (tower) built.[1]
- 1223 - Theto von Ravensburg becomes Schultheiss von Bern.
- 1256 - Käfigturm (tower) built.
- 1259 - First mention of Jews in Bern.[4]
- 1268 - Nydegg Castle demolished (approximate date).
- 1270 - Felsenburg (castle) built (approximate date).
- 1285 - Predigerkirche (Bern) (church) built.[1]
- 1289 - April: Battle of Schosshalde takes place; Bern successfully resisted Rudolph of Hapsburg.[3]
- 1298
- 1331-1333 - Gümmenenkrieg (Fribourg-Bern war).
- 1339 - Battle of Laupen.[2]
- 1345 - Golatenmatttor (tower) built.[citation needed]
- 1346
- Black Death plague.[2]
- Äussere Neustadt area developed.
- Christoffelturm (tower) and Nydeggkirche (church) built.
- 1348-49 - Pogroms and persecution of the Jews in Bern following the Black Death.[5]
- 1353 - Canton of Bern joins the Swiss Confederacy.[6][7]
- 1380 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[8]
- 1383-1384 - Burgdorferkrieg (Kyberg-Bern war) takes place in the County of Burgundy.
- 1406 - Construction begins of current Town hall of Bern.[7]
- 1417 - Bern Town Hall (town hall) built.[1]
- 1421 - Bern Munster construction begins.[7]
- 1430 - Konrad Justinger writes Chronik der Stadt Bern, a history of the city.
- 1470 - Tschachtlanchronik (Bern history) compiled.
- 1489 - Untertorbrücke (bridge) built.
- 1494 - Antoniterkirche (Bern) (church) rebuilt.
- 1513 - Town begins to keep bears in the Bärenplatz.[7]
- 1525 - Printing press in operation.[9]
- 1528 - Bern Disputation.
- 1530 - Astronomical clock installed in the Zytglogge.[1]
- 1532 - Bernese Synod adopted.[10]
- 1543 - Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen (Bern) (fountain) erected on Gerechtigkeitsgasse.
- 1544 - Simsonbrunnen (fountain) erected.
- 1546 - Fountains Anna-Seiler-Brunnen (on Marktgasse) and Pfeiferbrunnen (on Spitalgasse) erected.
- 1573 - Munster construction ends.[7]
- 1615 - Schallenhaus (prison) in operation.[citation needed]
- 1689 - newspaper Gazette de Berne starts to be printed.[11]
- 1700 - Population: 14,219.[12]
- 1718 - Kornhaus (Bern) (granary) built.[1]
- 1720 - Bern banking crisis of 1720[13]
- 1729 - Church of the Holy Ghost, Bern rebuilt.[1]
- 1752 - Erlacherhof (mansion) built.[1]
- 1759 - Ökonomische Gesellschaft (scientific society) founded.[14]
- 1798 - 5 March: Battle of Grauholz takes place in canton; French in power.[6]
- 1799 - Stämpfli (publisher) in business.
19th century
- 1803 - City library active.[15]
- 1815 - Bernischen Musikgesellschaft (music society) founded.[16]
- 1817 - Rathaus zum Äusseren Stand (government building) rebuilt.
- 1818 - Population: 18,997.[12]
- 1830 - Eidgenössisches Schützenfest held in Bern.
- 1832
- Karl Zeerleder becomes mayor.
- Canton becomes administratively independent of city.[1]
- 1834 - University of Bern established.[7]
- 1837 - Population: 24,362.[12]
- 1844 - Nydeggbrücke (bridge) built.
- 1846
- 1848 - Bern becomes capital of Switzerland.[3][7]
- 1850
- 1851 - Tiefenaubrücke (bridge) built.
- 1857 - Federal Palace of Switzerland[1] and Bärengraben (bear pit) built.
- 1858
- Bern railway station opens.
- Musikschule Konservatorium Bern founded.[16]
- 1863 - Bernischen Juristenverein (lawyers' association) founded.
- 1864 - Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul, Bern built.[1]
- 1868 - Chocolat Tobler in business.
- 1874
- International Weltpostkongress 1874 (postal union meeting) held in Bern; "Treaty concerning the formation of a General Postal Union" signed.
- Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland headquartered in Bern.[20]
- 1877 - Bern Symphony Orchestra established.[21]
- 1879 - Conche machine invented by chocolate maker Rodolphe Lindt.
- 1880
- Engehalbinsel oppidum ruins discovered near city.[citation needed]
- Population: 44,087 in city; 471,991 in canton.[19]
- 1886 - International "Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works" signed in city.[3]
- 1888 - Berner Tramway-Gesellschaft founded.
- 1891
- August: 700th anniversary of city founding.[3]
- State Archive of Bern founded.
- 1893
- June: Labour unrest.[3]
- Johanneskirche (Bern) (church) built.
- Frauenkomitee Bern founded.
- 1894 - Bern Historical Museum built.
- 1900
- Städtische Strassenbahn Bern (public transit operator) and Gutenberg Museum (Bern) established.
- Population: 64,227.[7]
20th century
- 1902 - Federal Palace of Switzerland building expanded.[7]
- 1903 - Albert Einstein moves into Einsteinhaus on Kramgasse.
- 1905
- St. Paul's Church, Bern built.
- Akademischer Alpenclub Bern (hiking club) formed.[22]
- 1906
- 1910
- Eidgenössisches Schützenfest and Swiss Aviation Exhibition held.[23]
- Population: 90,937 in city; 578,381 in canton.[19]
- 1914 - Schweizerische Landesausstellung 1914 (national exposition) held in Bern.
- 1915 - March: International socialist anti-war women's conference held in Bern.[24]
- 1918
- Elfenau park now belongs to city.[25]
- Haupt Verlag (publisher) in business.
- 1919
- Bümpliz becomes part of city.[12]
- February: Second International conference held in Bern.[24]
- 1920 - Friedenskirche (Bern) (church) built.
- 1928 - Schweizeische Ausstellung für Frauenarbeit (women's rights event) held in Bern.
- 1929
- Bern Aerodrome begins operating.[23]
- Alpar AG airline headquartered in Bern.[23]
- 1930 - Population: 111,783 in city; 623,665 in canton.[19]
- 1933 - Bern Trial begins.
- 1936 - National Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents headquartered in Bern.[26]
- 1939
- Tierpark Dählhölzli (zoo) opens.[27]
- Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde (history journal) in publication.[28]
- 1940 - Trolleybus begins operating.
- 1941- 1943 – The Bern group (Lados group) operates secretly to rescue Jews from the Holocaust.[29]
- 1947 - Städtische Verkehrsbetriebe Bern (public transit operator) established.
- 1949
- Zytglogge Theater founded.[30]
- Felsenaubrücke (bridge) and Petruskirche (Bern) (church) built.
- 1950 - Population: 146,499 in city; 731,550 in canton.[19]
- 1951 - Burgerbibliothek of Berne (public library) foundation established.[15]
- 1955 - February: The Romanian embassy is seized.
- 1963 - Camerata Bern founded.
- 1969 - Szeemann's art exhibit "provokes a national scandal."[31]
- 1970 - Population: 162,405 in city; 901,706 in canton.[19]
- 1977
- Gurtenfestival of music begins.
- Albert Einstein Society founded.
- 1979
- French-speaking Canton of Jura secedes from mostly German-speaking Canton of Bern.[32]
- Berner Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
- 1982 - 6 September: Polish embassy occupied.[33]
- 1983 - Old City of Bern designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1]
- 1984 - Regional Transport Bern-Solothurn established.
- 1990 - March: Demonstration against federal government keeping secret files on citizens.[20]
- 1993 - Klaus Baumgartner becomes mayor.
- 1995
- Jewish religious community of Bern recognised under public law.[5]
- Bern S-Bahn railway in operation.
- 2000 - Population: 128,634 in city; 957,197 in canton.[19]
21st century
- 2002 - House of Religions founded.[1]
- 2004 - Buskers Bern Street Music Festival begins.[34]
- 2005
- Paul Klee Centre built.
- Alexander Tschäppät becomes mayor.
- 2007
- 2008 - June: UEFA Euro 2008 Group C football contest takes place in Bern.[37][38]
- 2009 - Bärengraben opens.[39]
- 2013 - Population: 137,980.[40]
